United States

MetaTagger is an accredited GOTS ML test and evaluation toolset designed to streamline ground-truth data labelling and performance testing of imagery and Full Motion Video (FMV) based models. MetaTagger accelerates model testing to increase performance transparency, user trust, and model adoption. A smart collection of tools enable fast image labeling for training data purposes. Our custom-built tool called AutoTagger uses a Single Object Tracking (SOT) algorithm to automate object detection, labeling, and creation of ground truth datasets in less than half the time of manual approaches. Once Ground truth is created, FVM inference can be evaluated in minutes by simply uploading inference to the application and letting the MetaTagger algorithm work in the background. Once evaluation is completed, a filterable reporting tool allows custom reports to be generated and exported for future analysis. MetaTagger is the one-stop-shop for testing and evaluation of object detection and object classification algorithms.

NAML 2021

MetaTagger - Computer Vision Testing &amp; Evaluation Toolset

full motion video

labelling

object classification

testing

object detection

computer vision

ground truth

evaluation

ICPR 2020 is the premier international conference on Pattern Recognition, gathering leading researchers from around the world to present their latest achievements in Pattern Analysis and Recognition, applied Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning. The topic of the year is " Putting Artificial intelligence to work on Patterns". 
For the first time, ICPR has employed a two-round review process similar to journal submissions, with new papers allowed to be submitted in either the first or second round and papers submitted in the first round and not accepted allowed to be revised and re-submitted for second round review. 

In this edition of the **ICPR 2020** Conference, there are 1407 Oral/Poster presentations organized in five Tracks: 
- Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning for Pattern Analysis; 
- Biometrics, Human Analysis and Behavior Understanding; Computer Vision, Robotics and Intelligent Systems; 
- Document and Media Analysis; and 
- Image and Signal Processing. 

The **ICPR 2020** Main Conference program also includes 7 Keynotes from prominent world-renowned scientists, 8 Tutorials, 28 Demos, 8 Challenges, 2 Panels, as well as an Industry/Sponsor Exhibition. In addition, 41 Workshops on a range of important current and emerging research topics complete the ICPR 2020 program. 


ICPR 2020

MetaTagger - Computer Vision Testing & Evaluation Toolset

poster

Naval Information Warfare Center Pacific is partnering with AFCEA San Diego chapter to host the workshop.

The NAML workshop is an opportunity for researchers from Navy research and development centers and our partner organizations to exchange technical ideas and to come together as a team.

The goals of NAML are:

* To spread awareness of current machine learning research relevant to Naval applications

* To connect machine learning researchers with experts in military requirements

* To build and strengthen collaborations within the defense research community

**Watch this video to hear about the AFCEA purpose.**

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The annual workshop on Naval Applications of Machine Learning is an opportunity for researchers from Navy research and development centers and our partner organizations to exchange technical ideas and to come together as a team. The goals of NAML are to spread awareness of current machine learning research relevant to Naval applications, to connect machine learning researchers with experts in military requirements and to build and strengthen collaborations within the defense research community.


We approach the problem of image captioning with Cycle-Consistent Generative Adversarial Networks (CycleGANs). Due to CycleGANs' ability to learn functions to map between multiple domains and use duality to strengthen each individual mapping with the usage of a cycle consistency loss, these models show great promise in their ability to learn both image captioning and image synthesis and to create a better image captioning framework. Historically, cycle consistency loss was based on the premise that the input should undergo little to no change when mapped to another domain and then back to its original; however, image captioning presents a unique challenge to this concept due to the many-to-many nature of the mapping from images to captions and vice-versa. We have combined the state-of-the-art image synthesis model from Hao Zhang, StackGAN, with a modified version of Kelvin Xu's Show, Attend, and Tell image captioning model in a CycleGAN architecture to create a robust image captioning framework that is able to create diverse captions for each input image. Due to the duality of CycleGAN, we will also explore our model's capability to successfully generate relevant images based on an image description to test its ability to perform the opposite task and observe CycleGAN's ability at learning mappings between two domains from different mediums. We will be discussing our model's performance on the following datasets: Oxford Flowers, Caltech-UCSD Birds, and Microsoft Common Objects in Context (MSCOCO) datasets.

TextCycleGAN

With the vast amounts of unstructured data that is accrued through surveillance, body-cameras, mobile phones, humanitarian-aid and disaster relief, etc., there is a need to perform data synthesis to structured outputs through automated methods. Recent advances in machine learning have enabled compression of GBs/TBs of data sequences into short, compact, informal summaries as keyframes and/or video thumbnails and the capability to generate text that describes an overall image or full motion video has also rapidly increased. However, generating structured text beyond informal summaries, remains a relatively unsolved area of Natural Language Generation. This work will address this gap in the data summarization and document generation problem. This research would be the final component to an (non-yet existent) end-to-end system that could ingest data, summarize it, and generate a structured report.

Automating Situational Reporting

The presentation illustrates where machine learning applications built using transfer learning can be attacked, the means for carrying out the attack and some mitigations that can be employed. The elements in building and deploying a machine learning application are reviewed, considering both data and processes. Mitigations to these attacks are discussed with the engineering tradeoffs between security and accuracy. Finally, the methods by which an attacker could get access to the machine learning system are reviewed.

Threats to Transfer Learning Applications

The challenge of applying artificial intelligence to autonomous network security was investigated using Graph Convolutional Network Reinforcement Learning Methods in a dynamically-scaling computer network. A deep Q-network single agent method was compared to a hybrid method, which integrated a larger agent strategizing for the entire network with individual agents working on each node. The simulation network contained 'real' machines, to be protected, and 'decoy' machines, to act as deception mechanisms. An attacker pivoted through the network and the agents’ defensive strategies were tracked to determine which version adapted the best. These algorithms are being explored for this problem because of the changing action space along with the ability to adapt to the evolving network topology. 


Exploring Graph Convolutional Network Reinforcement Learning for Cyber Defense

Unlike current user emulators, D2U does more than simply replay previously-observed behavior, or call simple heuristics for stringing together patterns of actions. Instead, D2U provides the ability to generate unlimited, novel sequences of realistic behavior and orchestrate a plethora of virtual machines to enact these behaviors, thereby emulating a network of users. This ability to generate realistic, new behaviors sets D2U apart from all existing emulation technologies either in the academic literature or on the market.

D2You: Data Driven User Emulator​

Macro-meteorological models predict optical turbulence as a function of weather data. Existing models often struggle to accurately predict the rapid fluctuations in Cn2 in near-maritime environments. Seven months of Cn2 field measurements were collected along an 890 m scintillometer link over the Severn River in Annapolis, Maryland. This time series was augmented with local meteorological measurements to capture bulk-atmospheric weather measurements. The prediction accuracy of existing macro-meteorological models was analyzed in a range of conditions. Next, machine-learning techniques were applied to train new macro-meteorological models using the measured Cn2 and measured environmental parameters. Finally, the Cn2 predictions generated by the existing macro-meteorological models and new machine-learning informed models were compared for four representative days from the data set. These new models, under most conditions, demonstrated a higher overall Cn2 prediction accuracy, and were better able to track optical turbulence. Further tuning and machine learning architectural changes could further improve model performance.

Optical Turbulence Prediction from Data-driven Models

The U.S. military has been implementing simulation-based training systems in an effort to provide more effective training programs with reduced time to train. Integrating emerging technologies such as virtual, augmented, and mixed reality into their training curriculums has become the expectation. Over the past couple of years, the military has focused its attention on future threat training by developing multi-domain environments for more experienced warfighters. This includes Live, Virtual, and Constructive (LVC) assets for operations in complex, dynamic, and uncertain battlespaces.

The Department of Defense (DoD) is investing in a Joint All-Domain Command and Control (JADC2) concept that strives to connect multiple domains (air, land, sea, space, and cyber) into a single interoperable network (Congressional Research Services, 2020). Developing an interoperable Synthetic Training Environment is
challenging and once successful, the amount of data collected in a JADC2 type of environment can be overwhelming. The DoD is working across services to determine how best to manage the data. This presentation describes and illustrates an architecture for analyzing measurable data for assessing warfighter performance that can be collected during training in a natural environment. This data architecture is open, free, portable, containerized, and scalable for real-time monitoring and feedback.

The success of JADC2 training is dependent on relevant and actionable data (Rosenberg, 2020). This presentation identifies relevant data for measuring training effectiveness that provides actionable data for use in training automation, personalization, and adaptation. Research conducted by Hoke et al. (2017) and Dideriksen et al. (2018) validates the methodology of assessing training effectiveness through the combination of task performance measures and physiological signals of cognitive workload. It concludes with a discussion of how this methodology and architecture can be applied to improve training outcomes for individuals and teams for modern warfare in a multi-domain battlespace.

Automated Human-Machine Performance Assessment for the Multi-Domain Battle Space

Rip channels are a relevant area of study for Navy oceanographers because of their violent nature and relationship to the ocean floor. Images of these channels can serve as viable data when on site methods of collecting data are not available. Manually annotating rip channels is cumbersome, especially since there may be thousands of images to analyze for adequate climatology information. Although it has been shown that machine learning can help automate this process, developing a general-purpose rip channel classifier is problematic due to both lack of prior labeled data and the disparate features of litoral sites. Additionally, the subjective nature of rip channels yields complexities in general-purpose approaches, mainly due to the complexity of basic feature correlation. We present an interactive machine learning (IML) rip channel annotation application that uses online machine learning, active learning, and uncertainty modeling to provide a human-machine team for the annotation process. The application is able to assist users with annotating rip channels in their own datasets without the need for prior labeled data or parameter tuning. The interface by which this is done consists of four vertices denoting the length and span of the rip channel. The application attempts to place the vertices, the user then confirms or corrects the placements, the IML immediately learns from the verified placement, and the process continues. The IML implementation also takes advantage of user-offline time to optimize hyper parameters, perform feature selection, and reduce features to maintain scaling. Four persistent-image datasets from Oregon State University’s Coastal Imaging Laboratory were selected for gathering data from 2 locations, namely: Duck, North Carolina and Secret Harbour, Australia. The tool’s performance is evaluated based on correct vertex placement by the IML implementation. Results show that over 80% of the rip channels are correctly annotated by the IML implementation with an optimization cycle of about 4 images per dataset without the need for any prior labeled data.

Interative Machine Learning for Rip Channel Annotation

JAUST (Japan US Search Tool) is a web and mobile cognitive search solution built for the US Forces Japan that enables users to quickly search and retrieve documents in historical digital archives. Physical archives (in paper or PDF format) were digitized and text was extracted using optical character recognition (OCR) and computer vision techniques. AI models (natural language processing, large language models, graph theory) are used to extract signatures, analyze, and tag documents before ingestion into an elasticsearch database. A lucene search engine is queried using a custom REST API to display results in a Graphical User Interface (web application) built with Angular. JAUST includes free text search and filtering capability (dates, locations, memo numbers) that retrieves the documents in order of relevance, highlights search terms, and displays original PDFs. JAUST is hosted in an AWS govcloud environment and includes continuous integration/deployment.

JAUST: Japan US Search Tool

The detection and classification of passive sonar acoustics is a challenging problem faced by surface, sub surface, and naval air assets. The potential benefit of machine learning systems to assist in this task is appealing. However, little work has been conducted to develop and test machine learning models for this type of data or task. This research presents a custom Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model designed specifically for underwater acoustic classification. This model is compared to several common CNN architectures on two datasets of hydrophone recordings of passing ships. These datasets are some of the largest datasets of ship recordings used for training CNNs to date, composed of over 4000 hours of recordings and over 400 hundred unique ships. The custom CNN shows marked improvement in performance over standard models in both multi-class and multi-label classification tasks. To the best of our knowledge, this research is the first demonstration of multi label classification on underwater soundscapes. This research demonstrates the capability of machine learning models to enhance human and unmanned systems operating in the undersea domain. This research has direct applications to both current and future Navy platforms.

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