Singapore

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) have expanded the capabilities of recommender systems, they are hindered by inherent limitations, including a propensity for factual hallucination and reliance on outdated domain knowledge. These constraints pose significant challenges in contexts requiring high-fidelity recommendations, such as consumer electronics purchases where precise, current specifications are critical. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel framework termed Dynamic Graph-Retrieval Augmented Generation (Graph-RAG), which integrates LLMs, knowledge graphs, and RAG techniques within a multi-agent architecture. The framework dynamically deciphers complex user purchase intents and prioritizes decision-critical factors through a modular communication protocol that enables cross-agent collaboration, a `Specification Vector Index&#39; that resolves semantic disparities between natural language queries and technical attributes, and a graph-based dynamic retrieval engine that facilitates fact-grounded reasoning. Empirical validation forms a pivotal contribution of this work, with rigorous experimental verification confirming the system&#39;s efficacy in minimizing hallucinations through structured knowledge grounding. Quantitative metrics demonstrate statistically significant improvements in recommendation accuracy, such as a +22.7% increase in precision, and reliability, while traceable decision pathways enhance operational transparency. This research delivers a foundational architecture for a possible practical recommender systems, validated through real-world deployment scenarios and test dataset, and establishes a benchmark for empirically substantiated innovation in AI-driven recommendation frameworks. By bridging theoretical innovation and practical deployment, this study marks a critical advancement in the field, offering both a new methodology and robust evidence of its real-world applicability.

AAAI 2026

Dynamic Graph-Retrieval Augmented Generation for Reliable and Explainable Consumer Electronics Recommendation

consumer electronics

graph-retrieval augmented generation (rag)

large language model (llm)

recommendation

### Welcome to The 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2025)

Message from the General Chair: 
*It is my great pleasure and honor to welcome you to the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2025), held in beautiful Vienna, Austria, from July 27 to August 1, 2025. ACL2025continues our field’s tradition of excellence in scholarship, innovation, and inclusivity, and I am deeply grateful to the many volunteers who have worked tirelessly to bring this event to life.* 
[Read more](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1GI_hvOpjswAuYdUTromfeDiPpCcqidwg/view?usp=sharing)

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ACL 2025

Welcome to The 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2025)

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) have expanded the capabilities of recommender systems, they are hindered by inherent limitations, including a propensity for factual hallucination and reliance on outdated domain knowledge. These constraints pose significant challenges in contexts requiring high-fidelity recommendations, such as consumer electronics purchases where precise, current specifications are critical. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel framework termed Dynamic Graph-Retrieval Augmented Generation (Graph-RAG), which integrates LLMs, knowledge graphs, and RAG techniques within a multi-agent architecture. The framework dynamically deciphers complex user purchase intents and prioritizes decision-critical factors through a modular communication protocol that enables cross-agent collaboration, a `Specification Vector Index' that resolves semantic disparities between natural language queries and technical attributes, and a graph-based dynamic retrieval engine that facilitates fact-grounded reasoning. Empirical validation forms a pivotal contribution of this work, with rigorous experimental verification confirming the system's efficacy in minimizing hallucinations through structured knowledge grounding. Quantitative metrics demonstrate statistically significant improvements in recommendation accuracy, such as a +22.7% increase in precision, and reliability, while traceable decision pathways enhance operational transparency. This research delivers a foundational architecture for a possible practical recommender systems, validated through real-world deployment scenarios and test dataset, and establishes a benchmark for empirically substantiated innovation in AI-driven recommendation frameworks. By bridging theoretical innovation and practical deployment, this study marks a critical advancement in the field, offering both a new methodology and robust evidence of its real-world applicability.

workshop paper

We are pleased to announce the Fortieth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-26), which will be held in Singapore EXPO from January 20 to January 27, 2026.

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. AAAI-26 will feature technical paper presentations, special tracks, invited speakers, workshops, tutorials, poster sessions, senior member presentations, competitions, and exhibit programs, and a range of other activities to be announced.

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We are pleased to announce the Fortieth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-26), which will be held in Singapore EXPO from January 20 to January 27, 2026.

Large Language Models require substantial computational resources for inference, posing deployment challenges. While dynamic pruning offers superior efficiency over static methods through adaptive circuit selection, it exacerbates alignment degradation by retaining only input-dependent safety-critical circuit preservation across diverse inputs. As a result, addressing these heightened alignment vulnerabilities remains critical. We introduce Alignment-Aware Probe Pruning (AAPP), a dynamic structured pruning method that adaptively preserves alignment-relevant circuits during inference, building upon Probe Pruning. Experiments on LLaMA 2-7B, Qwen2.5-14B-Instruct, and Gemma-3-12B-IT show AAPP improves refusal rates by 50% at matched compute, enabling efficient yet safety-preserving LLM deployment.

Alignment-Constrained Dynamic Pruning for LLMs: Identifying and Preserving Alignment-Critical Circuits

Aligning proprietary large language models (LLMs) with internal organizational policies has become an urgent priority as organizations increasingly deploy LLMs in sensitive domains such as legal support, finance, and medical services. Beyond generic safety filters, enterprises require reliable mechanisms to detect policy violations within their regulatory and operational frameworks, where breaches can trigger legal and reputational risks. Existing content moderation frameworks, such as guardrails, remain largely confined to
the safety domain and lack the robustness to capture nuanced organizational policies. LLM-as-a-judge and fine-tuning approaches, though flexible, introduce significant latency and lack interpretability. To address these limitations, we propose a training-free and efficient method that treats policy violation detection as an out-of-distribution (OOD) detection problem. Inspired by whitening techniques, we apply a linear transformation to decorrelate the model’s hidden activations and standardize them to zero mean and unit variance, yielding
near-identity covariance matrix. In this transformed space, we use the Euclidean norm as a compliance score to detect policy violations. The method requires only the policy text and a small number of illustrative samples, which makes it lightweight and easily deployable. On a challenging policy benchmark, our approach achieves state-of-the-art results, surpassing both existing guardrails and fine-tuned reasoning models. This work provides organizations with a practical and statistically grounded framework for policy-aware oversight of
LLMs, advancing the broader goal of trustworthy, deployable AI governance. Code implementation will be released upon
publication.

Training-Free Policy Violation Detection via Activation-Space Whitening in LLMs

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit impressive generative capabilities but remain vulnerable to adversarial inputs, exposing potential risks such as data leakage, harmful content generation, and jailbreak attacks. Jailbreak attacks can fool LLMs and elicit harmful output even with safety alignments and guardrails. In this work, we performed a case study using AutoDAN – an automated adversarial attack generator – to stress-test open-source LLMs. We measure baseline attack success rates (ASRs) and then apply various fine-tuning defenses to mitigate these vulnerabilities. We used AutoDAN to construct adversarial datasets and evaluate the robustness of fine-tuned LLMs. Using llama-3-8b-instruct as the base model, we apply full Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) AutoDAN-style attacks. Our preliminary experiments show a reduction in jailbreak success rate after fine-tuning, while maintaining usefulness and coherence for benign queries. We conclude by outlining best practices for deploying adversarially resilient LLMs in production environments and future work to continue research with adversarial attack vulnerabilities and agentic workflows.

Adversarial Testing for Large Language Models: Evaluating and Enhancing Robustness with AutoDAN and Fine-Tuning Techniques

The performance of edge language models is fundamentally determined by the quality of their training data. To address the challenge of efficient data curation in resource-constrained environments, this study adapts and optimizes the Predictive Data Selection (Preselect) methodology. Our approach focuses on enhancing two core capabilities crucial for edge AI applications: ChatRAG, as the foundation for knowledge interaction, and Function Calling, as the basis for tool use.

By designing an evaluation ensemble that includes specialized models and training a FastText lightweight classifier, we can efficiently filter high-value training samples from massive datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that this strategy yields significant performance improvements, particularly in ChatRAG (+10.5%) and Function Calling (+10.0%). This research validates that an edge-optimized Preselect is an effective and viable strategy for enhancing targeted capabilities in edge models, ultimately proving that under resource constraints, curated data quality is a more critical driver of performance than mere data quantity.

Quality Over Quantity: Predictive Data Selection for Edge Language Models

Radiology worklists are typically processed first-in–first-out (FIFO) even when studies differ greatly in clinical urgency. We propose a pragmatic alternative: using calibrated probabilities of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) to prioritize head CT exams for earlier reading. Using the public RSNA-ICH dataset, we train slice-level detectors, aggregate to exam-level, apply post-hoc calibration, and feed these scores into a transparent discrete-event simulator of the reading queue. The simulator quantifies how triage benefit reduction in median time-to-read (TTR) for ICH; scales with classifier AUC, workload (arrival rate), staffing, prevalence, and calibration. Across realistic loads, score-based prioritization yields substantial TTR reductions for ICH with minimal delay to non-ICH studies. We release a configuration-driven, reproducible pipeline that translates AI risk scores into operational metrics (minutes saved), enabling safe and data-driven evaluation before PACS/RIS deployment.

Translating Classifier Scores into Clinical Impact: Calibrated Risk and Queueing Simulation for AI-Assisted Radiology Worklist Triage

Meta-learning enables models to rapidly adapt to new tasks by leveraging prior experience, but its adaptation mechanisms remain opaque, especially regarding how past training tasks influence future predictions. We introduce TLXML (Task-Level eXplanation of Meta-Learning), a novel framework that extends influence functions to meta-learning settings, enabling task-level explanations of adaptation and inference. By reformulating influence functions for bi-level optimization, TLXML quantifies the contribution of each meta-training task to the adapted model’s behaviour. To ensure scalability, we propose a Gauss-Newton-based approximation that significantly reduces computational complexity from $O(pq^2)$ to $O(pq)$, where p and q denote model and meta parameters, respectively. Empirical results demonstrate that TLXML effectively ranks training tasks by their influence on downstream performance, offering concise and intuitive explanations aligned with user-level abstraction. This work provides a critical step toward interpretable and trustworthy meta-learning systems.

A Task-Level Explanation Framework for Meta-Learning Algorithms

As Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents are increasingly deployed in real-world applications, ensuring their behavior is transparent and trustworthy is paramount. A key component of trust is explainability, yet much of the work in Explainable RL (XRL) focuses on local, single-step decisions. This paper addresses the critical need for explaining an agent's long-term behavior through trajectory-level analysis. We introduce a novel framework that ranks entire trajectories by defining and aggregating a new state-importance metric. This metric combines the classic Q-value difference with a "radical term" that captures the agent's affinity to reach its goal, providing a more nuanced measure of state criticality. We demonstrate that our method successfully identifies optimal trajectories from a heterogeneous collection of agent experiences. Furthermore, by generating counterfactual rollouts from critical states within these trajectories, we show that the agent's chosen path is robustly superior to alternatives, thereby providing a powerful "Why this, and not that?" explanation. Our experiments in standard OpenAI Gym environments validate that our proposed importance metric is more effective at identifying optimal behaviors compared to classic approaches, offering a significant step towards trustworthy autonomous systems.

Know your Trajectory - Trustworthy Reinforcement Learning deployment through Importance-Based Trajectory Analysis

This paper introduces a novel AI-driven approach for extracting actionable insights from corporate communications by quantifying strategic ambiguity in language. While prior work in natural language analysis has largely focused on sentiment or factual content, we explore how organizations deliberately hedge, obscure, or soften information, using linguistic ambiguity as a rich signal of intent and hidden meaning. We propose the Strategic Ambiguity Score (SAS), a machine learning model that captures deliberate vagueness by integrating hedge frequency, negation patterns, and model-based attention to critical phrases. Unlike traditional sentiment models, SAS measures not just what is said, but how and where uncertainty is strategically embedded within the text. We demonstrate that SAS can effectively highlight subtle signals that correlate with subsequent outcomes, and we illustrate its utility through predictive analyses in corporate disclosures. By shifting the focus from simple sentiment interpretation to ambiguity detection, this work provides a generalizable framework for AI applications in decision-making, risk assessment, and strategic communication analysis across diverse domains.

Quantifying Strategic Ambiguity in Corporate Language for AI-Driven Trading Strategies

The rapid integration of AI into education has prioritized capability over trustworthiness, creating significant risks. Real-world deployments reveal that even advanced models are insufficient without extensive architectural scaffolding to ensure reliability. Current evaluation frameworks are fragmented: institutional policies lack technical verification, pedagogical guidelines assume AI reliability, and technical metrics are context-agnostic. This leaves institutions without a unified standard for deployment readiness. This paper introduces TEAS (Trusted Educational AI Standard), an integrated framework built on four interdependent pillars: (1) Verifiability, grounding content in authoritative sources; (2) Stability, ensuring deterministic core knowledge; (3) Auditability, enabling independent institutional validation; and (4) Pedagogical Soundness, enforcing principles of active learning. We argue that trustworthiness stems primarily from systematic architecture, not raw model capability. This insight implies that affordable, open-source models can achieve deployment-grade trust, offering a scalable and equitable path to integrating AI safely into learning environments globally.

TEAS: Trusted Educational AI Standard: A Framework for Verifiable, Stable, Auditable, and Pedagogically Sound Learning Systems

Large Language Models (LLMs) adapted through Low Rank Adaptation (LoRA) often exhibit weakened safety alignment, even when fine tuned on benign datasets. Such degradation poses significant risks for deployable AI systems, where parameter updates can unintentionally introduce unsafe or unstable behaviors. In this work, we propose Directional Deviation Index Guided Pruning (DDI Pruning), a post hoc and data free framework for diagnosing and mitigating unsafe LoRA adaptations. DDI quantifies the spectral and directional deviation of each LoRA updated layer relative to its pretrained baseline, identifying layers that contribute most to instability or misalignment. Layers with high DDI scores are selectively pruned, improving both model robustness and computational efficiency without additional training or supervision. We evaluate the proposed approach on multiple language generation and agent planning benchmarks using several LLM backbones. Results show that DDI Pruning consistently reduces harmful or adversarial behaviors while preserving task accuracy and coherence. Ablation studies further demonstrate that each component of DDI contributes to capturing unsafe adaptation patterns, highlighting its interpretability and generality across domains. Overall, DDI Pruning provides an effective and practical mechanism for enhancing the safety alignment of adapted LLMs and contributes to the development of reliable and deployable AI systems.

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Alignment-Constrained Dynamic Pruning for LLMs: Identifying and Preserving Alignment-Critical Circuits

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