Singapore

Cross-language code clone detection, which identifies functionally similar code across programming languages, is critical for ensuring synchronized evolution and reducing maintenance costs in multi-platform software development. While zero-shot approaches have emerged as a practical solution to data scarcity, state-of-the-art methods still face two major limitations: an insufficiency in learning language-agnostic representations and information loss during the processing of long code. To address these challenges, we propose LC3, a novel framework for robust zero-shot cross-language code clone detection. To overcome the language-agnostic representation insufficiency, LC3 fuses source code with its underlying opcode sequences, leveraging a bimodal architecture and adversarial training to learn a language-agnostic representation. To resolve long-code information loss, LC3 introduces a semantic affinity aggregation strategy. This strategy synthesizes a robust clone score from a complete pairwise similarity matrix computed between segmented code blocks, overcoming the limitations of both simple truncation and aggregation. Extensive experiments show that LC3 significantly outperforms state-of-the-art zero-shot baselines, especially in challenging long-code scenarios.

AAAI 2026

LC3: Long Cross-Language Code Clone Detection Enhanced by Opcode Sequences and Affinity Aggregation

etc.

nlp: sentence-level semantics

nlp: other

nlp: applications

textual inference

### Welcome to 2025 Annual Conference of the Nations of the Americas Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics

Welcome to the 2025 meeting of the Nations of the Americas Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics! I am proud to help organize the first NAACL conference to carry the new name of our organization, one that emphasizes inclusion for all of the Americas. I am also pleased to welcome you to Albuquerque, New Mexico, a state whose unique blend of cultural influences will make for an excellent backdrop for NAACL 2025, especially with this year’s special theme on NLP in a Multicultural World. 
**[Continue reading...](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1jX-qGhqVSZZCIrAnJaz798pflu5Irrdn/view?usp=sharing)**

*- Colin Cherry, Google, NAACL 2025 General Chair* 

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NAACL 2025

Welcome to 2025 Annual Conference of the Nations of the Americas Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics

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We are pleased to announce the Fortieth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-26), which will be held in Singapore EXPO from January 20 to January 27, 2026.

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. AAAI-26 will feature technical paper presentations, special tracks, invited speakers, workshops, tutorials, poster sessions, senior member presentations, competitions, and exhibit programs, and a range of other activities to be announced.

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We are pleased to announce the Fortieth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-26), which will be held in Singapore EXPO from January 20 to January 27, 2026.

Simultaneous speech translation (SimulST) produces translations incrementally while processing partial speech input. Although large language models (LLMs) have showcased strong capabilities in offline translation tasks, applying them to SimulST poses notable challenges. Existing LLM-based SimulST approaches either incur significant computational overhead due to repeated encoding of bidirectional speech encoder, or they depend on a fixed read/write policy, limiting the efficiency and performance. In this work, we introduce Efficient and Adaptive Simultaneous Speech Translation (EASiST) with fully unidirectional architecture, including both speech encoder and LLM. EASiST includes a multi-latency data curation strategy to generate semantically aligned SimulST training samples and redefines SimulST as an interleaved generation task with explicit read/write tokens. To facilitate adaptive inference, we incorporate a lightweight policy head that dynamically predicts read/write actions. Additionally, we employ a multi-stage training strategy to align speech-text modalities and optimize both translation and policy behavior.
Experiments on both in-domain (MuST-C) and out-of-domain (Europarl-ST) En$\rightarrow$De and En$\rightarrow$Es datasets demonstrate that EASiST offers superior latency-quality trade-offs compared to several strong baselines.

Efficient and Adaptive Simultaneous Speech Translation with Fully Unidirectional Architecture

Accurate segmentation of neural structures in Electron Microscopy (EM) images is paramount for neuroscience. However, this task is challenged by intricate morphologies, low signal-to-noise ratios, and scarce annotations, limiting the accuracy and generalization of existing methods. To address these challenges, we seek to leverage the priors learned by visual foundation models on a vast amount of natural images to better tackle this task. Specifically, we propose a novel framework that can effectively transfer knowledge from Segment Anything 2 (SAM2)—a model pre-trained on natural images—to the EM domain. We first use SAM2 to extract powerful, general-purpose features. To bridge the domain gap, we introduce a Feature-Guided Attention module that leverages semantic cues from SAM2 to guide a lightweight encoder, the Fine-Grained Encoder (FGE), in focusing on these challenging regions. Finally, a dual-affinity decoder generates both coarse and refined affinity maps. Experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves performance comparable to state-of-the-art (SOTA) approaches with the SAM2 weights frozen. Upon further fine-tuning on EM data, our method significantly outperforms existing SOTA methods. This study validates that transferring representations pre-trained on natural images, when combined with targeted domain-adaptive guidance, can effectively address the specific challenges in neuron segmentation.

FGNet: Leveraging Feature-Guided Attention to Refine SAM2 for 3D EM Neuron Segmentation

Recent studies on Neural Collapse (NC) reveal that, under class-balanced conditions, the class feature means and the classifier weights spontaneously align into a simplex equiangular tight frame (ETF). In long-tailed regimes, however, severe sample imbalance tends to prevent the emergence of the NC phenomenon, resulting in poor generalization performance.Current efforts predominantly seek to recover the ETF geometry by imposing constraints on features or classifier weights, yet overlook a critical problem: There is a pronounced misalignment between the feature and the classifier weight spaces. In this paper, we theoretically quantify the harm of such misalignment through an optimal error exponent analysis.Built on this insight, we propose three explicit alignment strategies that plug-and-play into existing long-tail methods without architectural change. Extensive experiments on the CIFAR-10-LT, CIFAR-100-LT, and ImageNet-LT datasets consistently boost examined baselines and achieve the state-of-the-art performances.

Space Alignment Matters: The Missing Piece for Inducing Neural Collapse in Long-Tailed Learning

Multi-hop question answering (MHQA) requires integrating knowledge scattered across multiple passages to derive the correct answer. Traditional retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) methods primarily focus on coarse-grained textual semantic similarity and ignore structural associations among dispersed knowledge, which limits their effectiveness in MHQA tasks. GraphRAG methods address this by leveraging knowledge graphs (KGs) to capture structural associations, but they tend to overly rely on structural information and fine-grained word- or phrase-level retrieval, resulting in an underutilization of textual semantics. In this paper, we propose a novel RAG approach called HGRAG for MHQA that achieves cross-granularity integration of structural and semantic information via hypergraphs. Structurally, we construct an entity hypergraph where fine-grained entities serve as nodes and coarse-grained passages as hyperedges, and establish knowledge association through shared entities. Semantically, we design a hypergraph retrieval method that integrates fine-grained entity similarity and coarse-grained passage similarity via hypergraph diffusion. Finally, we employ a retrieval enhancement module, which further refines the retrieved results both semantically and structurally, to obtain the most relevant passages as context for answer generation with the LLM. Experimental results on benchmark datasets demonstrate that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods in QA performance, and achieves a 6$\times$ speedup in retrieval efficiency.

Cross-Granularity Hypergraph Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Multi-hop Question Answering

Building Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents is a promising research direction, which simulates human interaction with computers or mobile phones to perform diverse GUI tasks. However, a major challenge in developing generalized GUI agents is the lack of sufficient trajectory data across various operating systems and applications, mainly due to the high cost of manual annotations. 
In this paper, we propose the TongUI framework that transforms millions of multimodal web tutorials into GUI trajectories for generalized GUI agents. Concretely, we crawl GUI videos and articles from the Internet and process them into GUI agent trajectory data. Based on this, we construct the GUI-Net-1M dataset, which contains 1 million trajectories across five operating systems and over 280 applications. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest open-source GUI trajectory dataset. 
We develop the TongUI agent by fine-tuning Qwen2.5-VL-3B/7B/32B models on GUI-Net-1M, which shows consistent performance improvements on commonly used grounding and navigation benchmarks, outperforming baseline agents by 10\% on multiple benchmarks, showing the effectiveness of the GUI-Net-1M dataset and underscoring the significance of our TongUI framework. We will fully open-source the code, raw data, the GUI-Net-1M dataset, and the trained models.

TongUI: Internet-Scale Trajectories from Multimodal Web Tutorials for Generalized GUI Agents

With the growing number of submitted scientific papers, there is an increasing demand for systems that can assist reviewers in evaluating research claims. Experimental results are a core component of scientific work, often presented in varying formats such as tables or charts. Understanding how robust current multimodal large language models (multimodal LLMs) are at verifying scientific claims across different evidence formats remains an important and underexplored challenge.
In this paper, we design and conduct a series of experiments to assess the ability of multimodal LLMs to verify scientific claims using both tables and charts as evidence. To enable this evaluation, we adapt two existing datasets of scientific papers by incorporating annotations and structures necessary for a multimodal claim verification task. 
Using this adapted dataset, we evaluate 12 multimodal LLMs and find that current models perform better with table-based evidence while struggling with chart-based evidence.
We further conduct human evaluations and observe that humans maintain strong performance across both formats, unlike the models. 
Our analysis also reveals that smaller multimodal LLMs (under 8B) show weak correlation in performance between table-based and chart-based tasks, indicating limited cross-modal generalization. 
These findings highlight a critical gap in current models' multimodal reasoning capabilities. We suggest that future multimodal LLMs should place greater emphasis on improving chart understanding to better support scientific claim verification.

Format Matters: The Robustness of Multimodal LLMs in Reviewing Evidence from Tables and Charts

Neural network constraint satisfaction is crucial for safety-critical applications such as power system optimization, robotic path planning, and autonomous driving. However, existing constraint satisfaction methods face efficiency-applicability trade-offs, with hard constraint methods suffering from either high computational complexity or restrictive assumptions on constraint structures. The Sampling Kaczmarz-Motzkin (SKM) method is a randomized iterative algorithm for solving large-scale linear inequality systems with favorable convergence properties, but its argmax operations introduce non-differentiability, posing challenges for neural network applications. This work represents the first application of SKM-type methods to neural network constraint satisfaction and proposes Trainable Sampling Kaczmarz-Motzkin Network (T-SKM-Net). The framework transforms mixed constraint problems into pure inequality problems through null space transformation, employs SKM for iterative solving, and maps solutions back to the original constraint space, efficiently handling both equality and inequality constraints. We provide theoretical proof of post-processing effectiveness in expectation and end-to-end trainability guarantees based on unbiased gradient estimators, demonstrating that despite non-differentiable operations, the framework supports standard backpropagation. On the DCOPF case118 benchmark, our method achieves up to 9.87ms/item CPU serial forward inference with only 0.177\% average optimality gap, delivering over $10\times$ speedup compared to the pandapower solver while maintaining zero constraint violations under given tolerance.

T-SKM-Net: Trainable Neural Network Framework for Linear Constraint Satisfaction via Sampling Kaczmarz-Motzkin Method

With the increasing number of items requiring handling simultaneously in complex logistics, offline three-dimensional packing methods need to plan larger numbers of items. Existing deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based packing methods cannot plan for large numbers of items while keeping high-quality solutions due to limited exploration space and high computational complexity. To address this issue, this paper proposes a scalable DRL-based packing method. An attention-based pack-Q-network (PQNet) is constructed to learn the optimal packing policy by integrating unpacked items, available spaces, and packed items. To expand the valid exploration space, a bidding-based multi-policy (BBMP) framework composed of multiple PQNets is designed to efficiently explore more latent valid solutions, thus enhancing solution quality. To reduce computational complexity, a training-free dynamic candidate selection (DCS) framework is proposed to incorporate comprehensive item information during execution with minimal computation overhead, which helps in effectively planning large numbers of items. Experimental results show that across item numbers of 20$\sim$1000, our method consistently outperforms the best-performing baseline at each tested scale by 3.2\%$\sim$13.1\% in space utilization.

Deep Reinforcement Learning for Scalable Offline Three-Dimensional Packing

We propose a physics-informed learning framework, called Koopman-PINN, to estimate the parameters of the Heston stochastic volatility model with high-frequency price data in financial markets. The method integrates a nonparametric volatility estimation (known as ART-filter in the literature), moment-based parameter initialization, and a neural Koopman operator constrained by the infinitesimal generator of the underlying stochastic differential equation. By incorporating a generator-based loss, the model bridges Koopman theory and neural modeling to handle partially observed coupled stochastic dynamics in a manner consistent with continuous-time evolution. Across diverse parameter combinations reflecting varying market conditions, Koopman-PINN consistently achieves accurate and robust five-parameter recovery, outperforming existing estimators under a minimal set of initialization assumptions.

Physics-Informed Koopman Neural Estimation of the Heston Model from High-Frequency Observations

Hallucination in Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) remains a critical challenge, undermining their reliability in real-world applications. Existing studies have investigated the causes of hallucination at the modality level and proposed effective strategies. However, interaction patterns beyond the modality level remain insufficiently explored. In this paper, we conduct a token-level analysis and identify two key phenomena: (1) a small subset of textual tokens in LVLMs exert disproportionate influence in the visual-active layers, surpassing that of the visual modality and potentially misleading visual understanding; (2) while LVLMs can correctly identify key visual information, insufficient focus on these cues can sometimes lead to hallucinations. Based on such observation, we attribute hallucinations in LVLMs to two token-level causes: the disproportionate influence of certain textual tokens (phantom tokens) and the underutilization of critical visual cues (anchor tokens). To mitigate these issues, we introduce Token-Asymmetric Filtering (TAF)—a training-free, plug-and-play method that modulates intermediate attention maps in LVLMs. TAF isolates the influence of phantom tokens and emphasizes the influence of anchor tokens in the visual-active layers. Experimental results across multiple benchmarks demonstrate that TAF significantly mitigates hallucinations across a range of state-of-the-art LVLMs. The code will be released.

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Efficient and Adaptive Simultaneous Speech Translation with Fully Unidirectional Architecture

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Efficient and Adaptive Simultaneous Speech Translation with Fully Unidirectional Architecture

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CCT-Code: Cross-Consistency Training for Multilingual Clone Detection and Code Search

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