Singapore

With the development of large language models (LLMs) in the field of programming, intelligent programming coaching systems have gained widespread attention. However, most research focuses on repairing the buggy code of programming learners without providing the underlying causes of the bugs. To address this gap, we introduce a novel task, namely LPR (Learner-Tailored Program Repair).
We then propose a novel and effective framework, LSGen (Learner-Tailored Solution Generator), to enhance program repair while offering the bug descriptions for the buggy code. In the first stage, we utilize a repair solution retrieval framework to construct a solution retrieval database and then employ an edit-driven code retrieval approach to retrieve valuable solutions, guiding LLMs in identifying and fixing the bugs in buggy code. In the second stage, we propose a solution-guided program repair method, which fixes the code and provides explanations under the guidance of retrieval solutions. Moreover, we propose an Iterative Retrieval Enhancement method that utilizes evaluation results of the generated code to iteratively optimize the retrieval direction and explore more suitable repair strategies, improving performance in practical programming coaching scenarios. The experimental results show that our approach outperforms a set of baselines by a large margin, validating the effectiveness of our framework for the newly proposed LPR task.

AAAI 2026

Learner-Tailored Program Repair: A Solution Generator with Iterative Edit-Driven Retrieval Enhancement

poster

We are pleased to announce the Fortieth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-26), which will be held in Singapore EXPO from January 20 to January 27, 2026.

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. AAAI-26 will feature technical paper presentations, special tracks, invited speakers, workshops, tutorials, poster sessions, senior member presentations, competitions, and exhibit programs, and a range of other activities to be announced.<br><br>

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We are pleased to announce the Fortieth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-26), which will be held in Singapore EXPO from January 20 to January 27, 2026.

Open-Vocabulary Object Detection (OVOD) aims to detect both known and novel categories in complex visual scenes, surpassing the limitations of conventional closed-set detectors. Recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) have enabled zero-shot recognition by aligning visual features with large-scale textual embeddings. However, current OVOD approaches often fall short by overlooking critical contextual background cues necessary for discovering broader novel objects. To address this, we propose BFDet, a scene-to-object reasoning framework that leverages the complementary capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) and VLMs.
BFDet introduces a novel knowledge discovery mechanism that models the interaction between foreground and background context. High-confidence objects are first used to infer the background scene, which in turn guides an LLM to generate context-aware novel object candidates. Verified through cross-modal alignment, these candidates serve as reliable pseudo-labels to supervise detector training. Designed as a plug-and-play module, BFDet integrates seamlessly into existing detection pipelines and consistently improves performance on novel categories across COCO and LVIS benchmarks, leading to +3.1 AP gain in detecting novel categories while maintaining strong performance on known ones.

From Scene to Object: Enhancing Open-Vocabulary Object Detection via Foreground-Background Context Reasoning

Accurate interpretation of Notices To Airmen (NOTAMs) is critical for aviation safety, yet their condensed and cryptic language poses significant challenges to both manual and automated processing. Existing automated systems are typically limited to "Shallow Parsing," failing to extract the actionable intelligence needed for operational decisions. We formalize the complete interpretation task as "Deep Parsing," a dual-reasoning challenge requiring both dynamic knowledge grounding (linking the NOTAM to evolving real-world aeronautical data) and schema-based inference (applying static domain rules to deduce operational status). To tackle this challenge, we propose NOTAM-Evolve, a self-evolving framework that enables a Large Language Model (LLM) to autonomously master complex NOTAM interpretation. Leveraging a knowledge graph-enhanced retrieval module for data grounding, the framework introduces a crucial closed-loop learning process where the LLM progressively improves from its own outputs, minimizing the need for extensive human-annotated reasoning traces. In conjunction with this framework, we introduce a new benchmark dataset of 10,000 expert-annotated NOTAMs. Our experiments demonstrate that NOTAM-Evolve achieves a 30.4% absolute accuracy improvement over the base LLM, establishing a new state-of-the-art on the task of structured NOTAM interpretation. Our code and dataset are available in the supplementary material.

NOTAM-Evolve: A Knowledge-Guided Self-Evolving Optimization Framework with LLMs for NOTAM Interpretation

Recent advancements in text-to-image (T2I) generation have led to the emergence of highly expressive models such as diffusion transformers (DiTs), exemplified by FLUX. However, their massive parameter sizes lead to slow inference, high memory usage, and poor deployability. Existing acceleration methods (e.g., single-step distillation and attention pruning) often suffer from significant performance degradation and incur substantial training costs. To address these limitations, we propose $\textbf{FastFLUX}$, an architecture-level pruning framework designed to enhance the inference efficiency of FLUX. At its core is the $\textbf{Block-wise Replacement with Linear Layers (BRLL)}$ method, which replaces structurally complex residual branches in ResBlocks with lightweight linear layers while preserving the original shortcut connections for stability. Furthermore, we introduce $\textbf{Sandwich Training (ST)}$, a localized fine-tuning strategy that leverages LoRA to supervise neighboring blocks, mitigating performance drops caused by structural replacement. Experiments show that our FastFLUX maintains high image quality under both qualitative and quantitative evaluations, while significantly improving inference speed, even with 20\% of the hierarchy pruned. Our code will be available soon.

FastFLUX: Pruning FLUX with Block-wise Replacement and Sandwich Training

Deep human action recognition models trained on real-world data are often challenged by long-tailed distributions, where performance on rare classes is severely degraded. Current solutions typically apply static or heuristic interventions that are disconnected from the model's evolving internal state. To overcome this limitation, we reconceptualize long-tailed human action recognition as a closed-loop, self-regulating system, inspired by ecological theory. We further introduce an Adaptive Ecological Entropy Dynamics (AEED) framework, which is built upon three synergistic components. First, AEED perceives the learning state through entropy flow, providing a robust and directional signal of learning progress. Second, this signal drives an adaptation mechanism, which dynamically adjusts class-specific loss weights to allocate more learning resources to underperforming classes. Finally, AEED facilitates intelligent knowledge transfer via Confidence-Guided Symbiosis (CS-Mix). Extensive experiments demonstrate that AEED achieves state-of-the-art performance on challenging skeleton-based action recognition benchmarks, including NTU-60-LT and Kinetics-400-LT. The code for our method is available at here.

Learning Dynamics as Feedback: An Adaptive Entropy Flow Dynamics Framework for Long-tailed Human Action Recognition

Comprehension of ancient texts plays an important role in archaeology and understanding of Chinese history and civilization. The rapid development of large language models needs benchmarks that can evaluate their comprehension of ancient characters. Existing Chinese benchmarks are mostly targeted at modern Chinese and transmitted documents in ancient Chinese, but the part of excavated documents in ancient Chinese is not covered. To meet this need, we propose the AncientBench, which aims to evaluate the comprehension of ancient characters, especially in the scenario of excavated documents. The AncientBench is divided into four dimensions, which correspond to the four competencies of ancient character comprehension: glyph comprehension, pronunciation comprehension, meaning comprehension, and contextual comprehension. The benchmark also contains ten tasks, including radical, phonetic radical, homophone, cloze, translation, and more, providing a comprehensive framework for evaluation. We convened archaeological researchers to conduct experimental evaluations, proposed an ancient model as baseline, and conducted extensive experiments on the currently best-performing large language models. The experimental results reveal the great potential of large language models in ancient textual scenarios as well as the gap with humans. Our research aims to promote the development and application of large language models in the field of archaeology and ancient Chinese language.

AncientBench: Towards Comprehensive Evaluation on Excavated and Transmitted Chinese Corpora

Supervised learning with tabular data presents unique challenges, including low data sizes, the absence of structural cues, and heterogeneous features spanning both categorical and continuous domains. Unlike vision and language tasks, where CNNs, ViTs, and sequential attention-based models can exploit structural inductive biases, tabular data lacks inherent positional structure, hindering the effectiveness of self-attention mechanisms. While recent transformer-based models like TabTransformer, SAINT, and FT-Transformer (which we refer to as 3T) have shown promise on tabular data, they typically operate without leveraging structural cues such as positional encodings (PEs), as no prior structural information is usually available. In this work, we explore whether structural cues, specifically PEs derived from feature associations, can be harnessed to enrich transformer-based models for tabular data. Building on this idea, we propose Tab-PET (PEs for Transformers), which is a graph-based framework for estimating PEs to inject structure into tabular representations for transformer-based architectures. Inspired by approaches that derive PEs from graph topology, we explore two paradigms for graph estimation: association-based and causality-based. We provide theoretical analysis of the effect of PEs on the effective rank of embeddings and empirically demonstrate that graph-derived PEs significantly improve performance across 50 classification and regression datasets for 3T. Notably, association-based graphs consistently yield more stable and pronounced gains compared to causality-driven ones. We conclude with a deeper look into the role of PEs in adapting self-attention architectures to tabular learning.

Tab-PET: Graph-Based Positional Encodings for Tabular Transformers

We introduce OSVBench, a new benchmark for evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) in generating complete specification code pertaining to operating system kernel verification tasks. The benchmark first defines the specification generation problem into a program synthesis problem within a confined scope of syntax and semantics by providing LLMs with the programming model. The LLMs are required to understand the provided verification assumption and the potential syntax and semantics space to search for, then generate the complete specification for the potentially buggy operating system code implementation under the guidance of the high-level functional description of the operating system. This benchmark is built upon a real-world operating system kernel, Hyperkernel, and consists of 245 complex specification generation tasks in total, each is a long context task of about 20k-30k tokens. Our comprehensive evaluation of 12 LLMs exhibits the limited performance of the current LLMs on the specification generation tasks for operating system verification. Significant disparities in their performance on the benchmark highlight differences in their ability to handle long-context code generation tasks. The evaluation toolkit and benchmark are available at https://anonymous.4open.science/r/OSVBench.

OSVBench: Benchmarking LLMs on Specification Generation Tasks for Operating System Verification

Deformable medical image registration is essential in medical image analyses. Recent transformer-based registration methods have achieved high registration accuracy. However, these methods often rely on patch embedding at the beginning of encoding, resulting in limited ability to capture detailed anatomical structural information in the images and explore local semantic relationships within individual patches. Here, we proposed a novel Dual-feet Encoder (DFEnc) to asynchronously model semantic information from moving and fixed images at various scales through two separate branches in three steps. For each step, features from adjacent resolution levels were processed by a Single Step Hybrid Extractor (SSHExt), which performed patch convolution to preserve local information, followed by several transformer blocks to capture global context. Dense connections were employed to enhance semantic awareness across adjacent feature resolution levels. Additionally, we introduced a Feature Fusion-based Decoder (FFDec) to progressively fuse features related to the fixed and moving images and to generate intermediate deformation fields at each stage, enabling accurate image alignment through stepwise warping and alignment refinement. Extensive ablation studies demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed DFEnc, SSHExt, and FFDec. Compared to a state-of-the-art AutoFuse-Trans method, our approach yielded improvements in Dice of 1.41\%, 2.21\%, and 7.80\% on the ACDC, OASIS, and Abdomen CT datasets, respectively, while maintaining relatively low computational cost. These results suggest the utility of the proposed approach for broad research and clinical applications.

DFMN: A Dual-feet Matching Network with Hybrid Transformer-based Feature Extractor for Unsupervised Deformable Medical Image Registration

Due to its expressiveness and unambiguous nature, First-Order Logic (FOL) is a powerful formalism for representing concepts expressed in natural language (NL). This is useful, e.g., for specifying and verifying desired system properties. While translating FOL into human-readable English is relatively straightforward, the inverse problem, converting NL to FOL (NL-FOL translation), has remained a longstanding challenge, for both humans and machines. Although the emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) promised a breakthrough, recent literature provides contrasting results on their ability to perform NL-FOL translation. In this work, we provide a threefold contribution. First, we critically examine existing datasets and protocols for evaluating NL-FOL translation performance, revealing key limitations that may cause a misrepresentation of LLMs' actual capabilities. Second, to overcome these shortcomings, we propose a novel evaluation protocol explicitly designed to distinguish genuine semantic-level logical understanding from superficial pattern recognition, memorization, and dataset contamination. Third, using this new approach, we show that state-of-the-art, dialogue-oriented LLMs demonstrate strong NL-FOL translation skills and a genuine grasp of sentence-level logic, whereas embedding-centric models perform markedly worse.

Do LLMs Really Struggle at NL-FOL Translation? Revealing Their Strengths via a Novel Benchmarking Strategy

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various tasks, while they remain prone to generating hallucinated or outdated responses due to their static internal knowledge. 
Recent advancements in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) methods have aimed to enhance models' search and reasoning capabilities through reinforcement learning (RL).
Although these methods demonstrate promising results, they face challenges in training stability and encounter issues such as substantial inference time and restricted capabilities due to reliance on single-query mode.
In this paper, we propose RAG-R1, a novel training framework designed to enable LLMs to adaptively leverage internal and external knowledge during the reasoning process. 
We further expand the generation and retrieval processes within the framework from single-query mode to multi-query parallelism, with the aim of reducing inference time and enhancing the model's capabilities.
Extensive experiments on seven question-answering benchmarks demonstrate that our method outperforms the strongest baseline by up to 13.2% and decreases inference time by 11.1%.
The code and model checkpoints will be available soon.

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