Singapore

Federated learning has drawn widespread interest from researchers, yet the data heterogeneity across edge clients remains a key challenge, often degrading model performance. Existing methods enhance model compatibility with data heterogeneity by splitting models and knowledge distillation. However, they neglect the insufficient communication bandwidth and computing power on the client, failing to strike an effective balance between addressing data heterogeneity and accommodating limited client resources. To tackle this limitation, we propose a personalized federated learning method based on cosine sparsification parameter packing and dual-weighted aggregation (FedCSPACK), which effectively leverages the limited client resources and reduces the impact of data heterogeneity on model performance. In FedCSPACK, the client packages model parameters and selects the most contributing parameter packages for sharing based on cosine similarity, effectively reducing bandwidth requirements. The client then generates a mask matrix anchored to the shared parameter package to improve the alignment and aggregation efficiency of sparse updates on the server. Furthermore, directional and distribution distance weights are embedded in the mask to implement a weighted-guided aggregation mechanism, enhancing the robustness and generalization performance of the global model. Extensive experiments across four datasets using ten state-of-the-art methods demonstrate that FedCSPACK effectively improves communication and computational efficiency while maintaining high model accuracy.

AAAI 2026

Tackling Resource-Constrained and Data-Heterogeneity in Federated Learning with Double-Weight Sparse Pack

heterogeneous data

communication efficiency

federated learning

We are pleased to announce the Thirty-Eighth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-24), which will be held in Vancouver, British Columbia at the Vancouver Convention Centre – West Building from 20-27 February, 2024.

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. AAAI-24 will feature technical paper presentations, special tracks, invited speakers, workshops, tutorials, poster sessions, senior member presentations, competitions, and exhibit programs, and a range of other activities to be announced.

We expect for AAAI-24 to be an in-person conference – one author of all accepted papers will be expected to present work in person unless there are exceptional circumstances that prevent this.

In order to access the AAAI-24 event page you need to register [here](https://aaai.org/aaai-conference/registration/)

AAAI 2024

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. 

poster

We are pleased to announce the Fortieth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-26), which will be held in Singapore EXPO from January 20 to January 27, 2026.

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. AAAI-26 will feature technical paper presentations, special tracks, invited speakers, workshops, tutorials, poster sessions, senior member presentations, competitions, and exhibit programs, and a range of other activities to be announced.

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We are pleased to announce the Fortieth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-26), which will be held in Singapore EXPO from January 20 to January 27, 2026.

The learnware paradigm aims to help users solve new tasks by reusing existing well-trained models instead of starting from scratch, where a learnware consists of a model and the specification describing its capabilities. Numerous learnwares are accommodated by the learnware dock system. Note that it is very likely that when a new task passed by a user has never been tackled before, and there is no model that can be directly taken to address the user task. In this paper, we focus on the tabular task, and propose a method for reusing tabular learnwares for classification tasks with significantly different feature and label spaces, exploiting the potential of numerous existing specialized tabular models developed for various tasks. We find tabular learnwares that seem semantically irrelevant can be beneficial with new user tasks sometimes. The proposed method relies solely on model-predicted probabilities and does not require gradient information, making it applicable to a wide range of tabular models. Experiments demonstrate that tabular learnwares can be reused beyond their original purpose across heterogeneous tasks.

Tabular Learnwares Can Be Repurposed for Seemingly Irrelevant New Tasks

Recently, time series prediction models based on deep neural networks have demonstrated excellent capabilities in capturing the hidden relationships within time steps.
However, due to these models directly outputting scalar values at each time step, it is challenging to account for uncertainty associated with their predictions.
To address such challenge, we propose a novel model that directly constructs discrete probability distributions per step instead of a scalar.
The regression output at each time step is derived by computing the expectation of the predictive distribution over a predefined support set.
To mitigate prediction anomalies, a dual-branch architecture is introduced with interleaved support sets, augmented by coarse temporal-scale branches for long-term trend forecasting.
Outputs from another branch are treated as auxiliary signals to impose self-supervised consistency constraints on the current branch's prediction.
Extensive experiments on multiple real-world datasets demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed model.
All source codes will be released upon acceptance.

Time Series Forecasting via Direct Per-Step Probability Distribution Modeling

Reconstructing fine-grained geometry of clothed human from single-view image is a challenging task, particularly in accurately recovering complex shapes and generating clothes details. To address these limitations, we propose a novel approach named HumanPro, which estimates high-quality human normals via a generative model, and progressively deforms a parametric body into the final clothed human mesh guided by normals. First, we propose a geometry-aware latent diffusion model with a normal enhancer to estimate high-quality human normals from four views. Then, we propose a progressive mesh optimization consisting of shape-aware deformation alignment and global-to-patch detail refinement for human mesh reconstruction. The shape-aware deformation alignment applies image morphing to learn the shape-level gap of normals, addressing large-scale deformation of complex clothes. It can recover the overall silhouette of a clothed human, and serves as an initialization for the global-to-patch detail refinement. Our detail refinement combines global and patch-wise optimization strategies to iteratively produce the clothed human mesh by minimizing the pixel-level difference of normals. This way effectively recovers fine-grained details while avoiding local minima. Extensive experiments demonstrate that HumanPro can deal with various challenging scenarios and outperforms state-of-the-art methods.

HumanPro: Single-view 3D Clothed Human Reconstruction with Progressive Normal Guidance

Once trained, neural networks memorize information in diffusely encoded parameters, making it difficult to forget in support of the right to be forgotten. Unlearning aims to remove the influence of data, with performance measured against a retrained model that excludes the data. However, understanding the behavior of gold-standard retraining remains underexplored. We compare original and retrained models and observe that most prediction changes occur in peripheral samples near decision boundaries. Consequently, we propose PeriUn, a selective strategy that unlearns only peripheral samples to mimic retrained model behavior with minimal disruption, unlike prior works that remove the entire request. Combined with the Random Label based method, PeriUn significantly improves both generalization and privacy metrics. Specifically, on TinyImageNet with VGG16, PeriUn increases the Tug-of-War score by 22 points compared to the strongest. Besides, the MIA gap score surpasses the state-of-the-art method, improving by 8.7 points after applying PeriUn. Further analyses confirm that PeriUn better preserves the feature space and aligns closely with the retrained model.

PeriUn: Enhancing Unlearning by Selectively Forgetting Peripheral Samples

The rise of 3D generative models has enabled automatic 3D geometry and texture synthesis from multimodal inputs (e.g., text or images). However, these methods often ignore physical constraints and manufacturability considerations. In this work, we address the challenge of producing 3D designs that are both lightweight and self-supporting. We present DensiCrafter, a framework for generating lightweight, self-supporting 3D hollow structures by optimizing the density field. Starting from coarse voxel grids produced by Trellis, we interpret these as continuous density fields to optimize and introduce three differentiable, physically constrained, and simulation-free loss terms. Additionally, a mass regularization penalizes unnecessary material, while a restricted optimization domain preserves the outer surface. Our method seamlessly integrates with pretrained Trellis-based models (e.g., Trellis, DSO) without any architectural changes. In extensive evaluations, we achieve up to 43% reduction in material mass on the text-to-3D task. Compared to state-of-the-art baselines, our method could improve the stability and maintain high geometric fidelity. Real-world 3D-printing experiments confirm that our hollow designs can be reliably fabricated and could be self-supporting.

DensiCrafter: Physically-Constrained Generation and Fabrication of Self-Supporting Hollow Structures

Existing stereotype auditing methods for large language models (LLM) typically rely on isolated rating schemes or task-specific probes, lacking a theoretical grounding and failing to reveal the internal organization beyond surface-level output patterns. In this paper, we introduce SCoUT (Stereotype Content oriented Utility structure via Thurstonian modeling), a closed-loop framework that structurally models, explicitly probes, and causally intervenes on stereotype dimensions(warmth and competence) in LLMs. SCoUT first reconstructs a global stereotype utility structure aligned with Stereotype Content Model theory via Thurstonian comparative judgments. Across multiple open-source LLMs, this modeling achieves high pairwise-preference prediction accuracy ($\ge0.90$ on larger-scale models) and exhibits strong cross-model consistency. Probing internal attention mechanisms localizes this structure to specific heads (Spearman’s $\rho$ up to 0.83 for warmth and 0.90 for competence) and surfaces a salient asymmetry between warmth and competence. Further, targeted inference-time activation modifications on these dimension-sensitive heads consistently steer model outputs along the intended axes. By bridging behavioral measurement with internal representation and controllable steering, SCoUT offers an end-to-end framework that uncovers and interprets the latent structure of stereotypes, advancing stereotype auditing from surface detection to structural analysis.

SCoUT: A Framework for Structured Stereotype Analysis in Language Models

High-quality long-context data is essential for training large language models (LLMs) capable of processing extensive documents, yet existing synthesis approaches using relevance-based aggregation face challenges of computational efficiency. We present LiteLong, a resource-efficient method for synthesizing long-context data through structured topic organization and multi-agent debate. Our approach leverages the BISAC book classification system to provide a comprehensive hierarchical topic organization, and then employs a debate mechanism with multiple LLMs to generate diverse, high-quality topics within this structure. For each topic, we use lightweight BM25 retrieval to obtain relevant documents and concatenate them into 128K-token training samples. Experiments on HELMET and Ruler benchmarks demonstrate that LiteLong achieves competitive long-context performance and can seamlessly integrate with other long-dependency enhancement methods. LiteLong makes high-quality long-context data synthesis more accessible by reducing both computational and data engineering costs, facilitating further research in long-context language training.

LiteLong: Resource-Efficient Long-Context Data Synthesis for LLMs

LiDAR odometry is a critical component of SLAM in autonomous driving and robotics. Learning-based methods have shown remarkable performance by regressing relative poses in an end-to-end manner. However, when applying these trained models, originally developed on the widely used KITTI dataset, to other scenes, performance often drops significantly. In other words, existing methods struggle to generalize well to new environments. To address this challenge, we propose RCP-LO, a simple yet effective LiDAR odometry framework. 
We introduce a novel representation for relative poses, reformulating them as relative coordinates, which can then be solved using geometrical verification. This approach avoids overly simplified pose representations and makes better use of scene geometry, thereby improving generalization.
Moreover, to capture the inherent uncertainties in relative pose estimation from occluded LiDAR point clouds from dynamic environments, we adapt our framework to learn a denoising diffusion model, allowing for sampling plausible relative coordinates while improving robustness. We also introduce a differentiable geometric weighted singular value decomposition module, enabling efficient pose estimation through a single forward pass. 
Extensive experiments demonstrate that RCP-LO, trained exclusively on the KITTI dataset, achieves competitive performance compared to SOTA learning-based methods and generalizes effectively to the KITTI-360, Ford, and Oxford datasets. Our code will be made available upon acceptance.

RCP-LO: A Relative Coordinate Prediction Framework for Generalizable Deep LiDAR Odometry

Knowledge Graph Embedding (KGE) aims to map entities and relationships into a continuous vector space to facilitate reasoning and downstream tasks. Although previous KGE methods based on Euclidean, complex spaces, or hyperbolic spaces have performed well, they still struggle to effectively model Z-Paradox relation patterns which account for a large proportion in each knowledge graph. To address this issue, we propose a novel KGE method **FlorE** which integrates full Lorentz Group and directional offset operation in hyperbolic space for KGE task. Specifically, we incorporates the full Lorentz Group to enable the same relation in knowledge graph (KG) to perform indefinite isometry, thus avoiding the overlapping of entities. Meanwhile, we implement directional offset operation via exponential mapping to transform the relations to the same Lorentz manifold of the entities, thus maintaining geometric consistency for the relations and entities in KG. By integrating these two techniques, FlorE can effectively model the Z-Paradox relation patterns and improve the representation learning ability for KGs. Experiments on the five benchmark datasets demonstrate that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance. For the Z-Paradox relation patterns, the improvement achieves **26.7\%**, **15.6\%**, **35.4\%**, **33.7\%**, and **31.5\%** on FB15k-237, WN18RR, CoDEx-S, CoDEx-M and CoDEx-L, respectively.

FlorE: Integrating Full Lorentz Group and Directional Offsets for Effective Knowledge Graph Embedding

Branch-and-bound (B\&B) is a fundamental algorithmic framework for solving Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) problems, where branching decisions critically affect solver efficiency. Recent learning-based methods apply imitation learning to select branching variables, but their deterministic predictions limit exploration and generalization. In this paper, we propose a novel framework that formulates branching variable selection as a conditional generative process, exploring deep-level decision features. Our approach leverages diffusion models to enable diverse and exploratory branching score generation, while consistency modeling distills this process into efficient one-step inference conditioned on the B\&B state. This mode allows our method to achieve both high-quality and fast branching decisions, significantly improving the overall performance of branch-and-bound solvers. Extensive experiments on challenging cross-scale and cross-category benchmarks demonstrate that our framework consistently outperforms state-of-the-art imitation learning baselines, delivering substantial improvements in solution quality, computational efficiency, and inference speed.

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Tabular Learnwares Can Be Repurposed for Seemingly Irrelevant New Tasks

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CLIP-Guided Federated Learning on Heterogeneity and Long-Tailed Data

Stay up to date with the latest Underline news!

PRESENTATIONS

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COMPANY

RESOURCES

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