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Semi-supervised learning (SSL) based on pseudo-label and consistency has achieved significant success. The core idea behind these methods is to assign sample weights based on pseudo-label probabilities, thereby guiding the model toward biased learning. However, existing research still faces two major challenges in guiding learning: (1) how to evaluate learning states across different classes in the absence of labels, and (2) how to construct an effective sample weight space that provides precise guidance throughout training. To address these challenges, we propose the Bi-Dimensional Sample Weight Guidance algorithm, BidMatch. BidMatch introduces Class Information Entropy (CIE), which captures the learning relationships between classes and reflects the model’s learning state for each class. Additionally, Pseudo-label Probability Redistribution (PPR) is proposed to maintain distribution invariance and sparsity during training, thereby emphasizing differences in sample importance. By leveraging CIE and PPR, BidMatch generates sample weights that account for both class and instance dimensions, effectively guiding the model toward balanced and efficient learning across classes. BidMatch has demonstrated state-of-the-art performance on various SSL datasets. Notably, it achieved a 6.45% error rate on CIFAR-10 with only one label per class, significantly outperforming baseline methods.
