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Multi-object tracking (MOT) aims to track multiple objects while maintaining consistent identities across frames of a given video. In unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) recorded videos, frequent viewpoint changes and complex UAV-ground relative motion dynamics pose significant challenges, which often lead to unstable affinity measurement and ambiguous association. Existing methods typically model motion and appearance cues separately, overlooking their spatio-temporal interplay and resulting in suboptimal tracking performance. In this work, we propose AMOT, which jointly exploits appearance and motion cues through two key components: an Appearance-Motion Consistency (AMC) matrix and a Motion-aware Track Continuation (MTC) module. Specifically, the AMC matrix computes bi-directional spatial consistency under the guidance of appearance features, enabling more reliable and context-aware identity association. The MTC module complements AMC by reactivating unmatched tracks through appearance-guided predictions that align with Kalman-based predictions, thereby reducing broken trajectories caused by missed detections. Extensive experiments on three UAV benchmarks, including VisDrone2019, UAVDT, and VT-MOT-UAV, demonstrate that our AMOT outperforms current state-of-the-art methods and generalizes well in a plug-and-play and training-free manner.

AAAI 2026

Tracking the Unstable: Appearance-Guided Motion Modeling for Robust Multi-Object Tracking in UAV-Captured Videos

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We are pleased to announce the Fortieth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-26), which will be held in Singapore EXPO from January 20 to January 27, 2026.

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We are pleased to announce the Fortieth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-26), which will be held in Singapore EXPO from January 20 to January 27, 2026.

Multi-modality image fusion enhances scene perception by combining complementary information. Unified models aim to share parameters across modalities for multi-modality image fusion, but large modality differences often cause gradient conflicts, limiting performance. Some methods introduce modality-specific encoders to enhance feature perception and improve fusion quality. However, this strategy reduces generalisation across different fusion tasks. To overcome this limitation, we propose a unified multi-modality image fusion framework based on Channel perturbation and Pre-trained Knowledge Integration (UP-Fusion). To suppress redundant modal information and emphasize key features, we propose the Semantic-Aware Channel Pruning Module (SCPM), which leverages the semantic perception capability of a pre-trained model to filter and enhance multi-modality feature channels. Furthermore, we proposed the Geometric Affine Modulation Module (GAM), which uses original modal features to apply affine transformations on initial fusion features to maintain the feature encoder modal discriminability. Finally, we apply a Text-Guided Channel Perturbation Module (TCPM) during decoding to reshape the channel distribution, reducing the dependence on modality-specific channels. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms existing methods on both multi-modality image fusion and downstream tasks.

Text-Guided Channel Perturbation and Pre-Trained Knowledge Integration for Unified Multi-Modality Image Fusion

The remarkable success of diffusion models in text-to-image generation has sparked growing interest in expanding their capabilities to a variety of multi-modal tasks, including image understanding, manipulation, and perception. These tasks require advanced semantic comprehension across both visual and textual modalities, especially in scenarios involving complex semantic instructions.
However, existing approaches often rely heavily on vision-language models (VLMs) or modular designs for semantic guidance, leading to fragmented architectures and computational inefficiency. To address these challenges, we propose UniAlignment, a unified multimodal generation framework within a single diffusion transformer. UniAlignment introduces a dual-stream diffusion training strategy that incorporates both intrinsic-modal semantic alignment and cross-modal semantic alignment, thereby enhancing the model's cross-modal consistency and instruction-following robustness. Additionally, we present SemGen-Bench, a new benchmark specifically designed to evaluate multimodal semantic consistency under complex textual instructions. Extensive experiments across multiple tasks and benchmarks demonstrate that UniAlignment outperforms existing baselines, underscoring the significant potential of diffusion models in unified multimodal generation. Models and codes will be released to facilitate reproducibility and encourage future research.

UniAlignment: Semantic Alignment for Unified Image Generation, Understanding, Manipulation and Perception

Fine-tuning Vision Foundation Models (VFMs) with a small number of parameters has shown remarkable performance in Domain Generalized Semantic Segmentation (DGSS). Most existing works either train lightweight adapters or refine intermediate features to achieve better generalization on unseen domains. However, they both overlook the fact that long-term pre-trained VFMs often exhibit artifacts, which hinder the utilization of valuable representations and ultimately degrade DGSS performance. Inspired by causal mechanisms, we observe that these artifacts are associated with non-causal factors, which usually reside in the low- and high-frequency components of the VFM spectrum. In this paper, we explicitly examine the causal and non-causal factors of features within VFMs for DGSS, and propose a simple yet effective method to identify and disentangle them, enabling more robust domain generalization. Specifically, we propose Causal-Tune, a novel fine-tuning strategy designed to extract causal factors and suppress non-causal ones from the features of VFMs. First, we extract the frequency spectrum of features from each layer using the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). A Gaussian band-pass filter is then applied to separate the spectrum into causal and non-causal components. To further refine the causal components, we introduce a set of causal-aware learnable tokens that operate in the frequency domain, while the non-causal components are discarded. Finally, refined features are transformed back into the spatial domain via inverse DCT and passed to the next layer. Extensive experiments conducted on various cross-domain tasks demonstrate the effectiveness of Causal-Tune. In particular, our method achieves superior performance under adverse weather conditions, improving +4.8% mIoU over the baseline in snow conditions. The code is available in the supplementary material.

Causal-Tune: Mining Causal Factors from Vision Foundation Models for Domain Generalized Semantic Segmentation

Hardware accelerators such as GPUs, NPUs, and FPGAs are essential to meeting AI’s computational demands. With the proliferation of heterogeneous devices across cloud and edge, various model optimization techniques adapt to diverse hardware characteristics through operator transformations and structural modifications. Accurate, efficient latency prediction enables rapid selection of optimal strategies across hardware backends.
Many existing methods treat hardware as a black-box executor, directly regressing latency without explicitly modeling the intricate interactions between neural network (NN) structures and device-specific execution behaviors. To address these challenges, we introduce a new modeling perspective that captures the interaction between neural architectures and hardware execution. To capture device-specific characteristics, we propose two complementary modeling strategies. The Device Behavior Signature Selector (DBSel) characterizes hardware execution behavior by selectively probing a small set of representative architectures, forming a compact, workload-driven profile. In parallel, we construct capability vectors that capture the hierarchical memory of each device and compute characteristics, providing a structured abstraction of its architectural capacity. To unify both behavioral and structural views, we introduce the Hardware–Operation Dialogue Module (HODM), which models fine-grained interactions between neural operators and hardware properties. Together, these components empower CloserToMe to deliver accurate and transferable latency predictions across unseen and diverse platforms. Extensive experiments show that CloserToMe reduces relative absolute error by up to 64% compared to state-of-the-art methods. The code, detailed theoretical analysis, and extended experiments are included in the supplementary material.

CloserToMe: A Unified Framework for Accurate and Transferable Latency Prediction Across Heterogeneous Devices

Uncertainty quantification (UQ) in foundation models is crucial for identifying and mitigating hallucinations in automatically generated text. 
However, heuristic UQ approaches lack statistical guarantees for key metrics such as the false discovery rate (FDR) in selective prediction tasks. Previous research adopts the split conformal prediction (SCP) framework to ensure desired coverage of admissible answers by constructing data-driven prediction sets, yet these sets typically contain incorrect candidates, undermining their practical effectiveness. To address this, we introduce COIN, an uncertainty-guarding selection framework that calibrates statistically valid uncertainty thresholds to filter a single generated answer per question under user-specified FDR constraints. COIN estimates the empirical error rate on the calibration set and applies confidence interval methods such as Clopper–Pearson to establish a high-probability upper bound on the true error rate (i.e., FDR). This enables the selection of the largest threshold that ensures FDR control on test data while significantly increasing sample retention. We demonstrate COIN's robustness in risk control, strong test-time power in retaining admissible answers, and predictive efficiency under limited calibration data across both general and multimodal text generation tasks. Furthermore, we show that employing alternative UQ and upper bound construction strategies can further boost COIN's power performance, which underscores its extensibility and adaptability to diverse application scenarios.

COIN: Uncertainty-Guarding Selective Question Answering for Foundation Models with Provable Risk Guarantees

Enabling multi-task adaptation in pre-trained Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) models is crucial for enhancing their generalization capabilities. Most existing pre-trained LoRA fusion methods decompose weight matrices, sharing similar parameters, while fusion
divergent ones. However, this paradigm inevitably induces inter-weight conflicts and leads to catastrophic domain forgetting. While incremental learning enables adaptation to multiple tasks, it struggles to achieve generalization in few-shot scenarios. Consequently, when the weight data follows a long-tailed distribution, it can lead to forgetting in the fused weights. To address this issue, we propose In-Context Meta LoRA Fusion (ICM-Fusion), a novel framework that synergizes meta-learning with in-context adaptation. The key innovation lies in our task vector arithmetic, which dynamically balances conflicting optimization directions across domains through learned manifold projections. ICM-Fusion obtains the optimal task vector orientation for the fused model in the latent space by adjusting the orientation of the task vectors. Subsequently, the fused LoRA is reconstructed by a self-designed Fusion VAE (F-VAE) to realize multi-task LoRA generation. We have conducted extensive experiments on visual and linguistic tasks, and the experimental results demonstrate that ICM-Fusion can be adapted to a wide range of architectural models and applied to various tasks. Compared to the current pre-trained LoRA fusion method, ICM-Fusion fused LoRA can significantly reduce the multi-tasking loss and can even achieve task enhancement in few-shot scenarios.

ICM-Fusion: In-Context Meta-Optimized LoRA Fusion for Multi-Task Adaptation

Large Language Models (LLMs) are prone to generating incorrect or outdated information, thereby necessitating efficient and precise mechanisms for knowledge updates. Existing knowledge editing approaches, however, often encounter conflicts between two competing objectives: maintaining existing knowledge (preservation) and incorporating new information (editing). During gradient-based optimization, these conflicting objectives can lead to imbalanced update directions, where one gradient dominates, ultimately resulting in suboptimal learning dynamics. To address this challenge, we propose a balanced knowledge editing framework inspired by Nash bargaining theory. Our method guides the optimization process toward a Pareto stationary point, ensuring an equilibrium solution wherein any deviation from the final state would degrade the overall performance with respect to both objectives. This guarantees optimality in preserving prior knowledge while integrating new information. We empirically validate the effectiveness of our approach across a range of evaluation metrics on standard benchmark datasets. Extensive experiments show that our method consistently outperforms state-of-the-art techniques, achieving a superior balance between knowledge preservation and update accuracy.

Editing Is a Bargaining Game: Balanced Knowledge Editing in Large Language Models

Unsupervised visual anomaly detection from multi-view images presents a significant challenge: distinguishing genuine defects from benign appearance variations caused by viewpoint changes. Existing methods, often designed for single-view inputs, treat multiple views as a disconnected set of images, leading to inconsistent feature representations and a high false-positive rate. To address this, we introduce ViewSense-AD (VSAD), a novel framework that learns viewpoint-invariant representations by explicitly modeling geometric consistency across views. At its core is our Multi-View Alignment Module (MVAM), which leverages homography to project and align corresponding feature regions between neighboring views. We integrate MVAM into a View-Align Latent Diffusion Model (VALDM), enabling progressive and multi-stage alignment during the denoising process. This allows the model to build a coherent and holistic understanding of the object's surface from coarse to fine scales. Furthermore, a lightweight Fusion Refiner Module (FRM) enhances the global consistency of the aligned features, suppressing noise and improving discriminative power. Anomaly detection is performed by comparing multi-level features from the diffusion model against a learned memory bank of normal prototypes. Extensive experiments on the challenging RealIAD and MANTA datasets demonstrate that VSAD sets a new state-of-the-art, significantly outperforming existing methods in pixel, view, and sample-level visual anomaly detection, proving its robustness to large viewpoint shifts and complex textures.

Unsupervised Multi-View Visual Anomaly Detection via Progressive Homography-Guided Alignment

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) incur high computational costs due to significant redundancy in their visual tokens. To effectively reduce this cost, researchers have proposed various visual token pruning methods. However, existing methods are generally limited, either losing critical visual information prematurely due to pruning in the vision encoder, or leading to information redundancy among the selected tokens due to pruning in the Large Language Models (LLMs). To address these challenges, we propose a Visual and Textual Semantic Collaborative Pruning framework (ViTCoP) that combines redundancy filtering in the vision encoder with step-wise co-pruning within the LLM based on its hierarchical characteristics, to efficiently preserve critical and informationally diverse visual tokens. Meanwhile, to ensure compatibility with acceleration techniques like FlashAttention, we introduce the L2 norm of K-vectors as the token saliency metric in the LLM. Extensive experiments on various Large Vision-Language Models demonstrate that ViTCoP not only achieves state-of-the-art performance surpassing existing methods on both image and video understanding tasks, but also significantly reduces model inference latency and GPU memory consumption. Notably, its performance advantage over other methods becomes even more pronounced under extreme pruning rates.

ViTCoP: Accelerating Large Vision-Language Models via Visual and Textual Semantic Collaborative Pruning

Referring Image Segmentation (RIS), which aims to segment specific objects based on natural language descriptions, plays an essential role in vision-language understanding. Despite its progress in remote sensing applications, RIS under Low-Altitude Drone (LAD) scenarios remains underexplored, as existing datasets and methods are typically designed for high-altitude and static-view imagery. They struggled to handle the unique characteristics of LAD views, such as diverse viewpoints and high object density. In this paper, we propose RIS-LAD, the first fine-grained RIS benchmark tailored for LAD scenarios, featuring 13,871 meticulously annotated image-text-mask triplets collected from real-world drone footage with emphasis on small, densely cluttered objects and multi-view perspectives. Additionally, we propose the Semantic-Aware Adaptive Reasoning Network, which decomposes and adaptively routes semantic information to different network stages rather than uniformly injecting all linguistic features. Specifically, the Category-Dominated Linguistic Enhancement aligns visual features with object categories during early encoding, while the Adaptive Reasoning Fusion Module dynamically selects semantic cues across scales to enhance reasoning in complex scenes. Extensive experiments reveal that RIS-LAD presents substantial challenges to state-of-the-art RIS algorithms, and also demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed model in addressing these challenges. RIS-LAD is publicly released and is available at: https://github.com/AHideoKuzeA/RIS-LAD-A-Benchmark-and-Model-for-Referring-Low-Altitude-Drone-Image-Segmentation.

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