Singapore

Opioid overdose is a growing global health crisis that claims more than 120,000 lives annually, of which more than half use opioids alone, without access to bystander intervention. Fatal overdose events are marked by motionlessness, respiratory depression, and hypoxemia, yet current wearable systems often rely on a single biomarker, limiting detection speed and accuracy. We present HypoxSpike, a novel ternary spiking neural network designed for real-time, multi-biomarker overdose detection for low-power neuromorphic hardware, optimized for integration into shoulder-based wearables. HypoxSpike combines motion, respiration, and oxygen saturation signals, while accounting for skin tone and body physiology, thus addressing known racial bias in pulse oximetry. Our research leverages an open-source shoulder-worn dataset from 19 patients experiencing sleep apnea, exploiting the shared physiological mechanisms underlying apnea and opioid overdose. This allows a direct comparison of our model with existing overdose detection approaches. HypoxSpike classifies three stages of hypoxemia with an average accuracy of 94%, outperforming state-of-the-art shoulder-based hypoxemia estimation while reducing false positive alert rates by 23.5%. By minimizing false positives, HypoxSpike supports accurate and power-efficient overdose detection, improving trust and usability for high-risk populations often overlooked by conventional systems.

AAAI 2026

HypoxSpike: Ternary Spiking Neural Network for Opioid Overdose Detection

cms: neural spike coding

ml: efficient ml / green ai

app: natural sciences

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We are pleased to announce the Fortieth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-26), which will be held in Singapore EXPO from January 20 to January 27, 2026.

Open-vocabulary object detection (OVOD) aims at detecting and recognizing objects beyond a fixed set of classes. Although region-word alignment and knowledge distillation have been explored for training a strong open-vocabulary detector, our analysis reveals three main issues (inaccurate alignment, redundant distillation, and low-quality class embedding) that limit OVOD's performance. In this paper, we explore the well-designed Tensor decomposition and Language descriptions for open-vocabulary object Detection (called TLDet).
Proposals with the highest similarity score often correspond to discriminative but incomplete regions (e.g., object heads), resulting in inaccurate region-word alignment. To mitigate this issue, we propose a low-rank proposal filtering module that quantitatively assesses the completeness of each proposal by performing singular value decomposition and computing the sum of its singular values. This allows the model to reduce discriminative proposals and enhance the precision of alignment between visual regions and textual concepts. Furthermore, to mitigate redundant knowledge transfer, we introduce a core tensor distillation approach that decomposes teacher and student features into core tensors via Tucker decomposition and performs distillation through optimized tensor alignment. This ensures that the student acquires the most essential knowledge from the teacher. Finally, to improve the quality of class embedding, a language description enhancement method is proposed by exploring the knowledge of LLM to enrich the representations of categories during inference. Extensive experiments on popular datasets demonstrate the superior performance of our TLDet, achieving 36.1% mAP on COCO and 30.1% mask mAP on LVIS, and outperforming existing methods on novel categories.

Tensor Decomposition and Language Description for Open-Vocabulary Object Detection

Adversarial attacks pose a significant threat to learning-based 3D point cloud models, critically undermining their reliability in security-sensitive applications. Existing defense methods often suffer from (1) high computational overhead and (2) poor generalization ability across diverse attack types.
To bridge these gaps, we propose a novel yet efficient teacher-student framework, namely Multimodal Robust Prompt Distillation (MRPD) for distilling robust 3D point cloud model.
It learns lightweight prompts by aligning student point cloud model's features with robust embeddings from three distinct teachers: a vision model processing depth projections, a high-performance 3D model, and a text encoder.
To ensure a reliable knowledge transfer, this distillation is guided by a confidence-gated mechanism which dynamically balances the contribution of all input modalities. Notably, since the distillation is all during the training stage, there is no additional computational cost at inference. Extensive experiments demonstrate that MRPD substantially outperforms state-of-the-art defense methods against a wide range of white-box and black-box attacks, while even achieving better performance on clean data.
Our work presents a new, practical paradigm for building robust 3D vision systems by efficiently harnessing multimodal knowledge.

Multimodal Robust Prompt Distillation for 3D Point Cloud Models

With the rise of vertical segmentation in real-world data, federated graph-level clustering has gained significant attention in recent years.
However, the inherent missing attributes in graph datasets held by certain clients lead to suboptimal local parameter updates and misaligned global parameter consensus. This results in knowledge shifts during negotiation to ultimately impair overall clustering performance. 
This issue remains largely underexplored in the current advanced research.
To bridge this gap, we propose a novel deep learning network called **Fed**erated Graph-level Clustering Network with **A**ttribute **I**nference (FedAI), which utilizes high-confidence prior knowledge from each domain and multi-party collaborative optimization to achieve efficient reasoning of unknown features. 
Specifically, on the client, we project high-confidence graph samples into a latent space, extracting and uploading their irreversible path digest information and structure-guided inference signal.
On the server, we first hierarchically identify affinity relationships by the improved graph kernel method. We then infer attributes of clients lacking attributes through a prior attribute-oriented inference signal, facilitating inter-client knowledge transfer for better clustering.
Experimental results on 15 cross-dataset and cross-domain non-IID graph datasets demonstrate that FedAI consistently outperforms existing methods. Our source codes are available at https://github.com/H00001/FedAI.

Federated Graph-level Clustering Network with Attribute Inference

Process simulation is a critical cornerstone of chemical engineering design. Current automated chemical design methodologies focus mainly on various representations of process flow diagrams. However, transforming these diagrams into executable simulation flowsheets remains a time-consuming and labor-intensive endeavor, requiring extensive manual parameter configuration within simulation software. In this work, we propose a novel multi-agent workflow that leverages the semantic understanding capabilities of large language models(LLMs) and enables iterative interactions with chemical process simulation software, achieving end-to-end automated simulation from textual process specifications to computationally validated software configurations for design enhancement. Our approach integrates four specialized agents responsible for task understanding, topology generation, parameter configuration, and evaluation analysis, respectively, coupled with Enhanced Monte Carlo Tree Search to accurately interpret semantics and robustly generate configurations. Evaluated on Simona, a large-scale process description dataset, our method achieves a 31. 3% improvement in the simulation convergence rate compared to state-of-the-art baselines and reduces the design time by 89. 0% compared to the expert manual design. This work demonstrates the potential of AI-assisted chemical process design, which bridges the gap between conceptual design and practical implementation. Our workflow is applicable to diverse process-oriented industries, including pharmaceuticals, petrochemicals, food processing, and manufacturing, offering a generalizable solution for automated process design.

From Text to Simulation: A Multi-Agent LLM Workflow for Automated Chemical Process Design

Large language models (LLMs) typically operate in a question-answering paradigm, where the quality of the input prompt critically affects the response. Automated Prompt Optimization (APO) aims to overcome the cognitive biases of manually crafted prompts and explore a broader prompt design space. However, existing APO methods often suffer from rigid template structures and inefficient exploration in the prompt space. To this end, we propose a Multi-Agent Adaptive Reasoning with Socratic guidance framework (MARS) for APO. MARS consists of five complementary agents and formulates the optimization process as a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP), enabling adaptive prompt refinement through explicit state modeling and interactive feedback. Specifically, a Planner agent generates flexible optimization trajectories, a Teacher-Critic-Student triad engages in Socratic-style dialogue to iteratively optimize the prompt based on pseudo-gradient signals in the text space, and a Target agent executes the prompt in downstream tasks to provide performance feedback. MARS integrates reasoning, feedback, and state transition into a unified hidden-state evolution process, improving both the effectiveness and interpretability of optimization. Extensive experiments on multiple datasets demonstrate that MARS outperforms existing APO methods in terms of optimization performance, search efficiency, and interpretability.

MARS: Multi-Agent Adaptive Reasoning with Socratic Guidance for Automated Prompt Optimization

Satellite-based radar retrieval methods are widely employed to fill coverage gaps in ground-based radar systems, especially in remote areas affected by terrain blockage and limited detection range. Existing methods predominantly rely on overly simplistic spatial-domain architectures constructed from a single data source, limiting their ability to accurately capture complex precipitation patterns and sharply defined meteorological boundaries.
To address these limitations, we propose WaveC2R, a novel wavelet-driven coarse-to-refined framework for radar retrieval. WaveC2R integrates complementary multi-source data and leverages frequency-domain decomposition to separately model low-frequency components for capturing precipitation patterns and high-frequency components for delineating sharply defined meteorological boundaries. Specifically, WaveC2R consists of two stages (i) Intensity-Boundary Decoupled Learning, which leverages wavelet decomposition and frequency-specific loss functions to separately optimize low-frequency intensity and high-frequency boundaries; and (ii) Detail-Enhanced Diffusion Refinement, which employs frequency-aware conditional priors and multi-source data to progressively enhance fine-scale precipitation structures while preserving coarse-scale meteorological consistency.
Experimental results on the publicly available SEVIR dataset demonstrate that WaveC2R achieves state-of-the-art performance in satellite-based radar retrieval, particularly excelling at preserving high-intensity precipitation features and sharply defined meteorological boundaries.

WaveC2R: Wavelet-Driven Coarse-to-Refined Hierarchical Learning for Radar Retrieval

A dexterous hand capable of generalizable grasping objects is fundamental for the development of general-purpose embodied AI. However, previous methods focus narrowly on low-level grasp stability metrics, neglecting affordance-aware positioning and human-like poses which are crucial for downstream manipulation. To address these limitations, we propose AfforDex, a novel framework with two-stage training that learns a universal grasping policy with an inherent understanding of both motion priors and object affordances. In the first stage, a trajectory imitator is pre-trained on a large corpus of human hand motions to instill a strong prior for natural movement. In the second stage, a residual module is trained to adapt these general human-like motions to specific object instances. This refinement is critically guided by two components: our Negative Affordance-aware Segmentation (NAA) module, which identifies functionally inappropriate contact regions, and a privileged teacher-student distillation process that ensures the final vision-based policy is highly successful. Extensive experiments demonstrate that AfforDex not only achieves universal dexterous grasping but also remains remarkably human-like in posture and functionally appropriate in contact location. As a result, AfforDex significantly outperforms state-of-the-art baselines across seen objects, unseen instances, and even entirely novel categories.

Towards Affordance-Aware Robotic Dexterous Grasping with Human-like Priors

Restoring nighttime images affected by multiple adverse weather conditions is a practical yet under-explored research problem, as multiple weather degradations usually coexist in the real world alongside various lighting effects at night. This paper first explores the challenging multi-weather nighttime image restoration task, where various types of weather degradations are intertwined with flare effects. To support the research, we contribute the AllWeatherNight dataset, featuring large-scale nighttime images with diverse compositional degradations. By employing illumination-aware degradation generation, our dataset significantly enhances the realism of synthetic degradations in nighttime scenes, providing a more reliable benchmark for model training and evaluation. Additionally, we propose ClearNight, a unified nighttime image restoration framework, which effectively removes complex degradations in one go. Specifically, ClearNight extracts Retinex-based dual priors and explicitly guides the network to focus on uneven illumination regions and intrinsic texture contents respectively, thereby enhancing restoration effectiveness in nighttime scenarios. Moreover, to more effectively model the common and unique characteristics of multiple weather degradations, ClearNight performs weather-aware dynamic specificity and commonality collaboration that adaptively allocates optimal sub-networks associated with specific weather types. Comprehensive experiments on both synthetic and real-world images demonstrate the necessity of the AllWeatherNight dataset and the superior performance of ClearNight. Our dataset and code will be released.

Clear Nights Ahead: Towards Multi-Weather Nighttime Image Restoration

Recent advancements in diffusion-based generative priors have enabled visually plausible image compression at extremely low bit rates. However, existing approaches suffer from slow sampling processes and suboptimal bit allocation due to fragmented training paradigms. In this work, we propose Accelerate \textbf{Diff}usion-based Image Compression via \textbf{C}onsistency Prior \textbf{R}efinement (DiffCR), a novel compression framework for efficient and high-fidelity image reconstruction. At the heart of DiffCR is a Frequency-aware Skip Estimation (FaSE) module that refines the $\epsilon$-prediction prior from a pre-trained latent diffusion model and aligns it with compressed latents at different timesteps via Frequency Decoupling Attention (FDA). Furthermore, a lightweight consistency estimator enables fast two-step decoding by preserving the semantic trajectory of diffusion sampling. Without updating the backbone diffusion model, DiffCR achieves substantial bitrate savings (27.2\% BD-rate(LPIPS) and 65.1\% BD-rate(PSNR)) and over $10\times$ speed-up compared to SOTA diffusion-based compression baselines.

Towards Efficient Low-rate Image Compression with Frequency-aware Diffusion Prior Refinement

Multi-view graph clustering (MVGC) for remote sensing data has gained increasing attention due to its ability to integrate complementary information across modalities while capturing spatial dependencies in heterogeneous data. Although current methods based on graph contrastive learning achieve strong performance, they often misidentify intra-cluster samples as negatives, leading to class conflicts and reduced clustering accuracy. Graph masked autoencoders have recently shown promising potential in learning robust representations through masked reconstruction, but their application to remote sensing data remains underexplored. This challenge is especially notable in the multi-view remote sensing setting, where high heterogeneity and complex spatial structures increase the difficulty of effective representation learning. To address these issues, we propose Clustering-Guided graph Mask AutoEncoder (CG-MAE), the first framework to extend graph masked autoencoders to multi-view remote sensing clustering. We introduce a clustering-guided masking strategy that selectively masks nodes near cluster centers and intra-cluster edges, which are crucial for capturing key structural information. By reconstructing these masked components, the model is encouraged to focus on learning features that are highly relevant to clustering. To further improve training stability and efficiency, we design an easy-to-hard node masking strategy that enables the model to gradually learn from increasingly challenging patterns. Additionally, we propose a dual self-adaptive learning mechanism that encourages the model to align more closely with the underlying semantic distributions. Extensive experiments on four widely used multi-view remote sensing datasets demonstrate that CG-MAE consistently outperforms state-of-the-art methods in both clustering accuracy and representation quality.

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