IJCNLP-AACL 2025

December 21, 2025

Mumbai, India

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keywords:

parameter-efficient-training

sparse models

pre-training

fine-tuning

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced generative applications in natural language processing (NLP). Recent trends in model architectures revolve around efficient variants of transformers or state-space/gated-recurrent models (SSMs, GRMs). However, prevailing SSM/GRM-based methods often emulate only a single attention head, potentially limiting their expressiveness. In this work, we propose MossNet, a novel mixture-of-state-space-experts architecture that emulates a linear multi-head attention (MHA). MossNet leverages a mixture-of-experts (MoE) implementation not only in channel-mixing multi-layered perceptron (MLP) blocks but also in the time-mixing SSM kernels to realize multiple "attention heads." Extensive experiments on language modeling and downstream evaluations show that MossNet outperforms both transformer- and SSM-based architectures of similar model size and data budgets. Larger variants of MossNet, trained on trillions of tokens, further confirm its scalability and superior performance. In addition, real-device profiling on a Samsung Galaxy S24 Ultra and an Nvidia A100 GPU demonstrate favorable runtime speed and resource usage compared to similarly sized baselines. Our results suggest that MossNet is a compelling new direction for efficient, high-performing recurrent LLM architectures.

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Next from IJCNLP-AACL 2025

Deconstructing Attention: Investigating Design Principles for Effective Language Modeling

Deconstructing Attention: Investigating Design Principles for Effective Language Modeling

IJCNLP-AACL 2025

Huiyin XueNafise Sadat Moosavi
Nikolaos Aletras and 2 other authors

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