IJCNLP-AACL 2025

December 20, 2025

Mumbai, India

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keywords:

keywords: model bias

vision question answering

fairness evaluation

social impact

benchmarking

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across a range of tasks, yet concerns about their potential biases persist. This work investigates the cultural biases in state-of-the-art VLMs by evaluating their performance on an image-based country identification task at the country level. Utilizing the geographically diverse Country211 \citep{country211} dataset, we probe VLMs via open-ended questions, multiple-choice questions (MCQs), and include challenging multilingual and adversarial task settings. Our analysis aims to uncover disparities in model accuracy across different countries and question formats, providing insights into how training data distribution and evaluation methodologies may influence cultural biases in VLMs. The findings highlight significant variations in performance, suggesting that while VLMs possess considerable visual understanding, they inherit biases from their pre-training data and scale, which impact their ability to generalize uniformly across diverse global contexts.

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Where Should I Study? Biased Language Models Decide! Evaluating Fairness in LMs for Academic Recommendations

IJCNLP-AACL 2025

+1
Akhilesh Kumar Mishra and 3 other authors

20 December 2025

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