EMNLP 2025

November 06, 2025

Suzhou, China

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Currently, leveraging large language models (LLMs) for autism intervention is a significant yet challenging task, particularly when directly employing LLMs as an intervention doctor. Researchers have mainly focused on using prompt engineering for role play as an intervention doctor and integrating auxiliary elements such as visual stimuli to enhance the sensory experience of the intervention, while neglecting the challenge that LLMs' inherent dialogue style and intervention strategies do not meet the requirements of clinical dialogue interventions. To fill the gap, we propose a comprehensive framework for training LLMs to conduct dialogue interventions in accordance with the principles of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) which is commonly used by clinicians. Specifically, we collected real clinical recordings of dialogue interventions for autistic children and constructed the topic dialogue dataset ASD-iLLM-8k. By incorporating the system prompt based on the ABA and ASD-iLLM-8k dataset, we fine-tuned LLMs to develop ASD-iLLM. We also proposed a role-play strategy in which LLMs act as autistic children to comprehensively evaluate the doctor model’s capabilities at the dialogue level. Extensive experiments demonstrate that ASD-iLLM outperforms existing models in both automatic and human evaluation, with intervention strategies and dialogue style more closely resembling those of real clinical intervention doctors. Our dataset, model, and code will be available on our GitHub.

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Rethinking DPO: The Role of Rejected Responses in Preference Misalignment

EMNLP 2025

+1Jaehyeon Cho
Jaehyeon Cho and 3 other authors

06 November 2025

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