Background In obesity, excess adipose tissue drives systemic low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance through the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6. While current treatments mitigate obesity via weight loss or glycemic control, they often fail to address the underlying inflammatory source. Liposuction, by surgically removing adipose tissue, may offer benefits beyond aesthetics by potentially altering inflammatory and endocrine profiles. This review evaluates existing data examining this hypothesis on the metabolic benefits of liposuction in the context of insulin resistance and inflammation. Methods A scoping review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted using PubMed to identify clinical studies examining the effects of liposuction on metabolic and inflammatory markers in obese individuals. 122 articles were initially identified, with 9 meeting the inclusion criteria: human studies reporting pre- and post-liposuction levels of IL-6, TNF-α, HOMA or adiponectin. Case studies, animal-based studies, and review articles were excluded. Results from the 9 studies were analyzed for the variables: volume of aspiration, HOMA, TNF-α, IL-6 and adiponectin. Results Volume of fat aspirated negatively correlated acute (1-3 months) changes in HOMA (R2=0.991) and chronic (6-12 months) changes in HOMA (R2=0.52). Furthermore, we observed a moderate negative correlation between volume of fat aspirated and chronic changes in TNF-α levels (R2=0.567). However, chronic IL-6 levels had a weak negative correlation with fat aspirated (R2=0.396). Adiponectin appeared to be negatively correlated with volume of fat aspirated in the short-term (R2=-0.2509) but was observed to have a moderate increase in the long-term (R2=0.5485). Interestingly, adiponectin increases in the long-term were strongly correlated with reduction of IL-6 levels (R2=-0.9963). Adiponectin had a weak acute correlation (R2=0.1065) with TNF-α and was not studied in the chronic phase. Discussion Liposuction appears to attenuate obesity-associated inflammation and insulin resistance, as evidenced by sustained reductions in HOMA, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels six months postoperatively. Interestingly, adiponectin levels increased during this period, suggesting an overall improvement in the inflammatory profile. Acute inflammatory markers showed weak correlations, likely reflecting transient surgical trauma. These findings highlight adiponectin as a promising long-term biomarker for studying metabolic improvement post-liposuction, warranting continued monitoring beyond 6 months to further elucidate its relationship with TNF-α. Conclusion This study offers early clinical evidence that liposuction shows potential as an adjunctive therapy for metabolic dysfunction in obese individuals alongside lifestyle modifications and pharmacological therapy. However, its therapeutic role requires further validation through rigorous, sex-stratified trials with extended follow-up.