A Novel Pesticide Testing Method for Medicinal Cannabis

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2025 AOAC INTERNATIONAL Annual Meeting & Exposition

August 26, 2025

San Diego, United States

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Pesticide analysis in cannabis flowers is a challenging task due to the overall composition of this specific matrix. Many analytical approaches based on QuEChERS extraction and different clean-up procedures with subsequent measurement by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS have been previously published. These studies include a broad testing scope but neglect some substances that are outlined in the pesticide monographs of USP and Ph.Eur. However, the analytical scope of the pharmacopoeias must be fulfilled for products which are intended to be registered under the respective pharmacopoeial requirements. Phytolab has developed a method that not only includes all the pesticides regulated in the pharmacopoeias but also fulfills the defined MRLs (method reporting limits). A broad range of additional pesticides, e.g. analytes defined in the current AOAC SMPR, were included in the final methodology. A material with very high THC content was used in order to focus on extreme cases of matrix overload. Some typical GC pesticides eluting in the range of cannabinoids and fatty acids were particularly challenging regarding matrix interferences. Therefore, alternative mass transitions had to be established. Furthermore, comparative studies were carried out with an alternative extraction procedure using cyclohexane/ethyl acetate (1:1) which was formerly used in the extraction of GC-pesticides. This less polar extraction variant showed improvements in the background noise for critical GC substances. We present this successful implementation for a pesticide multimethod using LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS to determine a broad range of pesticides, including the analytes from USP and Ph.Eur. at the required LOQs (limits of quantitation).

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