Eric Verdon, ANSES, will be presenting on behalf of Anton Kaufmann and will exemplify Anton’s presentation with some of his own HRMS topics. More than 20 years ago, we purchased a HRMS instrument for the analysis of veterinary drug residues. This was a brave, some may say a somehow crazy decision. I had to fight with limited sensitivity, mass resolving power and “inaccurate” masses, furthermore I struggled with software obviously not written for residue analysts. Yet it was possible to develop a screening method for regulated drugs. Regardless of these limitations, I realized the potentials of HRMS, versus the tandem quadruple instruments, which were at that time considered to be the gold standard. In the meantime, we work with advanced TOF and Orbitrap instruments. Resolving power, linear dynamic range, the software dramatically improved. On the other hand, HRMS instruments became more rugged, user-friendly and affordable. HRMS instruments not only quantify as reliably as tandem quadrupoles, they furthermore offer the possibilities for semi-targeted detection and structural elucidation.  HRMS instruments are still less sensitive than the lates quadrupoles, yet operated in the targeted mode, they can provide a selectivity which significantly exceeds tandem quadrupole technology performance. MS sensitivity in general will continue to improve in the near future, yet the restricted selectivity of the MRM mode as provided by tandem quadruple instruments will become the limiting factor.