United States

The widespread use of social media has led to a surge in popularity for automated methods of analyzing public opinion. Supervised methods are adept at text categorization, yet the dynamic nature of social media discussions poses a continual challenge for these techniques due to the constant shifting of the focus. On the other hand, traditional unsupervised methods for extracting themes from public discourse, such as topic modeling, often reveal overarching patterns that might not capture specific nuances. Consequently, a significant portion of research into social media discourse still depends on labor-intensive manual coding techniques and a human-in-the-loop approach, which are both time-consuming and costly. In this work, we study the problem of discovering arguments associated with a specific theme. We propose a generic **LLMs-in-the-Loop** strategy that leverages the advanced capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) to extract latent arguments from social media messaging. To demonstrate our approach, we apply our framework to contentious topics. We use two publicly available datasets: (1) the climate campaigns dataset of 14k Facebook ads with 25 themes and (2) the COVID-19 vaccine campaigns dataset of 9k Facebook ads with 14 themes. Additionally, we design a downstream task as stance prediction by leveraging talking points in climate debates. Furthermore, we analyze demographic targeting and the adaptation of messaging based on real-world events.

NAACL 2025

Uncovering Latent Arguments in Social Media Messaging by Employing LLMs-in-the-Loop Strategy

talking points

covid-19 vaccine campaigns

climate campaigns

social media messaging

arguments

llms

## Welcome to EMNLP 2022!
I am delighted to welcome you to EMNLP 2022! I believe this conference has been complicated beyond any precedent. Over the past year, it’s been thrilling to see the organization team approach each new puzzle with creativity and enthusiasm. We hope that those participating in Abu Dhabi as well as those joining remotely will leave the conference feeling newly inspired by the program and newly connected to our ever-growing community. Following EMNLP 2021 and major NLP conferences since, EMNLP 2022 is “hybrid,” serving both virtual and in-person participants.

Our key innovations for EMNLP 2022 include:

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EMNLP 2022 will take place in Abu Dhabi from December 7th to December 11th, 2022. And it will be held in hybrid mode, both online and offline.

poster

### Welcome to 2025 Annual Conference of the Nations of the Americas Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics

Welcome to the 2025 meeting of the Nations of the Americas Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics! I am proud to help organize the first NAACL conference to carry the new name of our organization, one that emphasizes inclusion for all of the Americas. I am also pleased to welcome you to Albuquerque, New Mexico, a state whose unique blend of cultural influences will make for an excellent backdrop for NAACL 2025, especially with this year’s special theme on NLP in a Multicultural World. 
**[Continue reading...](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1jX-qGhqVSZZCIrAnJaz798pflu5Irrdn/view?usp=sharing)**

*- Colin Cherry, Google, NAACL 2025 General Chair* 

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Welcome to 2025 Annual Conference of the Nations of the Americas Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics

As large language models (LLMs) scale, improving their efficiency and adaptability
across tasks becomes increasingly critical. The Mixture-of-Adapter (MoA) framework
offers a promising solution by training a small pool of lightweight adapters at each layer and selecting the most suitable ones for each input, merging their outputs with the original layer’s. However, existing MoA approaches do not allow sharing adapters across different layers, leading to unnecessary redundancy and poor generalization of trained adapters. To tackle these challenges, we propose “Sparser MoA (SMOA)”, which trains a unified adapter pool shared across layers, introducing a much sparser routing choice of experts per layer. Enforcing such sparsity improves the Cross-Layer Generalization (CLAG) capability and specialization of each adapter, thereby enhancing SMOA’s adaptation to different tasks. Extensive experiments across multiple base LLMs show SMOA reduces active adapters by over 85% while significantly boosting task accuracy, paving the way for developing more efficient, generalizable, and modular LLMs.

Sparser Mixture-of-Adapters with Cross-Layer Generalization

In text classification tasks, models often rely on spurious correlations for predictions, incorrectly associating irrelevant features with the target labels. This issue limits the robustness and generalization of models, especially when faced with out-of-distribution data where such spurious correlations no longer hold. To address this challenge, we propose the Causally Calibrated Robust Classifier (CCR), which aims to reduce models' reliance on spurious correlations and improve model robustness. Our approach integrates a causal feature selection method based on counterfactual reasoning, along with an unbiased inverse propensity weighting (IPW) loss function. By focusing on selecting causal features, we ensure that the model relies less on spurious features during prediction. We theoretically justify our approach and empirically show that CCR achieves state-of-the-art performance among methods without group labels, and in some cases, it can compete with the models that utilize group labels. Our code can be found at: https://github.com/yuqing-zhou/Causal-Learning-For-Robust-Classifier.

Fighting Spurious Correlations in Text Classification via a Causal Learning Perspective

Current structured pruning approaches for large language models typically involve two steps: (1) compression using calibration data and (2) costly continued pretraining on billions of tokens to recover lost performance. This second step is necessary as the first significantly impacts model accuracy. Moreover, prior research suggests that pretrained Transformer weights are not necessarily low-rank, unlike their activations, making one-shot structured pruning challenging. Based on this observation, we propose Lillama, a compression method that locally distills activations with low-rank weights. Using SVD for initialization and a joint loss combining teacher and student activations, we accelerate convergence and reduce memory use with local gradient updates. Lillama compresses Mixtral-8x7B within minutes on a single A100 GPU, removing 10 billion parameters while retaining over 95% of its original performance. Phi-2 3B can be compressed by 40% with just 13 million calibration tokens, resulting in a small model that competes with recent models of similar size. The method generalizes well to non-transformer architectures, compressing Mamba-3B by 20% while maintaining 99% performance.

Efficient One-shot Compression via Low-Rank Local Feature Distillation

Recent work on distilling Whisper's knowledge into small models using pseudo-labels shows promising performance while reducing the size by up to 50%. This results in small, efficient, and dedicated models. However, a critical step of distillation using pseudo-labels involves filtering high-quality predictions and using only those during training. This step requires ground truth labels to compare with and filter low-quality examples, making the process dependent on human labels. Additionally, the distillation process requires a large amount of data thereby limiting its applicability in low-resource settings. To address this, we propose a distillation framework that does not require *any* labeled data. Through experimentation, we show that our best-distilled models outperform the teacher model by 5-7 WER points and are on par with or outperform similar supervised data filtering setups. When scaling the data, our models significantly outperform all zero-shot and supervised models. Our models are also 25-50% more compute- and memory-efficient while maintaining performance equal to or better than that of the teacher model. For more details about our models, dataset, and other resources, please visit our GitHub page: <https://github.com/UBC-NLP/uDistilWhisper>.

uDistil-Whisper: Label-Free Data Filtering for Knowledge Distillation in Low-Data Regimes

Large language models (LLMs) often retain outdated or incorrect information from pre-training, which undermines their reliability. While model editing methods have been developed to address such errors without full re-training, they frequently suffer from knowledge conflicts, where outdated information interferes with new knowledge. In this work, we propose Conflict-free Model Editing (CoME), a novel framework that enhances the accuracy of knowledge updates in LLMs by selectively removing outdated knowledge. CoME leverages unlearning to mitigate knowledge interference, allowing new information to be integrated without compromising relevant linguistic features. Through experiments on GPT-J and LLaMA-3 using Counterfact and ZsRE datasets, we demonstrate that CoME improves both editing accuracy and model reliability when applied to existing editing methods. Our results highlight that the targeted removal of outdated knowledge is crucial for enhancing model editing effectiveness and maintaining the model's generative performance.

CoME: An Unlearning-based Approach to Conflict-free Model Editing

Data selection for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) aims to choose a high-quality subset from existing datasets, allowing the trained model to outperform baselines trained on the full dataset. However, the expanding body of research lacks a clear, unified framework, and the variability in experimental settings complicates systematic comparisons.While existing surveys comprehensively overview the stages and methods of data selection, they often overlook an in-depth exploration of the fine-tuning phase. In this paper, we conduct a focused review of recent data selection techniques for fine-tuning LLMs, analyzing a dozen key studies. We introduce a novel three-stage scheme—comprising feature extraction, criteria design, and selector evaluation—to systematically categorize and evaluate these methods. Additionally, we propose a unified comparison approach that incorporates ratio-based efficiency and ranking-based feasibility metrics to address inconsistencies across experiments. Our findings reveal that methods emphasizing more targeted quality measurement achieve higher efficiency but at the cost of feasibility. Finally, we discuss trends and highlight four key challenges in fine-tuning data selection, offering potential directions for future research.

Take the essence and discard the dross: A Rethinking on Data Selection for Fine-Tuning Large Language Models

Interaction trajectories between agents and environments have proven effective in tuning LLMs into task-specific agents. However, constructing these trajectories, especially successful trajectories, is often computationally and time intensive due to the relatively low success rates of even the most advanced LLMs, such as GPT-4 and Claude. Additionally, common training paradigms like supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and reinforcement learning (RL) not only require large volumes of data but also have specific demands regarding the trajectories used. For instance, existing SFT approaches typically utilize only positive examples, limiting their efficiency in low-resource scenarios. To address this, we introduce Negative-Aware Training (NAT), a straightforward yet effective method that leverages both successful and failed trajectories for fine-tuning, maximizing the utility of limited resources. Experimental results demonstrate that NAT consistently surpasses existing methods, including SFT, DPO, and PPO, across various tasks.

NAT: Enhancing Agent Tuning with Negative Samples

We propose a novel architecture for graph-based dependency parsing that explicitly constructs vectors, from which both arcs and labels are scored. Our method addresses key limitations of the standard two-pipeline approach by unifying arc scoring and labeling into a single network, reducing scalability issues caused by the information bottleneck and lack of parameter sharing. Additionally, our architecture overcomes limited arc interactions with transformer layers to efficiently simulate higher-order dependencies. Experiments on PTB and UD show that our model outperforms state-of-the-art parsers in both accuracy and efficiency.

Scaling Graph-Based Dependency Parsing with Arc Vectorization and Attention-Based Refinement

Extreme Multi-label Classification (XMC) methods predict relevant labels for a given query in an extremely large label space. Recent works in XMC address this problem using deep encoders that project text descriptions to an embedding space suitable for recovering the closest labels. However, learning deep models can be computationally expensive in large output spaces, resulting in a trade-off between high performing brute-force approaches and efficient solutions. In this paper, we propose PRIME, a XMC method that employs a novel prototypical contrastive learning technique to reconcile efficiency and performance surpassing brute-force approaches. We frame XMC as a data-to-prototype prediction task where label prototypes aggregate information from related queries. More precisely, we use a shallow transformer encoder that we coin as Label Prototype Network, which enriches label representations by aggregating text-based embeddings, label centroids and learnable free vectors. We jointly train a deep encoder and the Label Prototype Network using an adaptive triplet loss objective that better adapts to the high granularity and ambiguity of extreme label spaces. PRIME achieves state-of-the-art results in several public benchmarks of different sizes and domains, while keeping the model efficient.

Prototypical Extreme Multi-label Classification with a Dynamic Margin Loss

Translation of natural language to first-order logical formula (NL-FOL) has recently gained significant attention for its critical role in logic-based NLP applications. Some studies attempt to utilize pretrained language models in a sequence-to-sequence manner for the NL-FOL task. However, these methods encounter challenges such as (1) inconsistency between the training and inference phases and (2) the data-intensive and resource-intensive finetuning process. This paper introduces a novel NL-FOL translation method, dubbed Code4Logic, which is based on in-context learning and employs code snippets to bridge the gap between natural language and first-order logic. By converting the translation task into a progressive code generation task, Code4Logic demonstrates strong generalization within a training-free manner, and enhances the performance of large language models (LLMs) to generate complex first-order logical formulas. Experimental results on NL-FOL task and downstream task datasets indicate that Code4Logic surpasses prominent training-free baselines and is comparable to supervised models trained on the full training data.

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Sparser Mixture-of-Adapters with Cross-Layer Generalization

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Understanding COVID-19 Vaccine Campaign on Facebook using Minimal Supervision

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