United States

Data-driven analysis has shown promising results in identifying subtle patterns in the behavior of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) for diagnosis and intervention. However, most existing methods primarily focus on a single behavioral modality (e.g., eye movements) instead of capturing the intricate multimodal behavior of humans. We propose a multimodal approach that investigates the underlying connections between eye movements and hand motions through eye-to-hand prediction. To tackle the highly noisy and irregular behavioral data, we propose a novel approach that defines the prediction as a machine translation problem and leverages a sequence-to-sequence machine learning model for the prediction. An experimental study on a dataset collected from a VR system has demonstrated high prediction accuracy. The significant difference in the prediction accuracy between the autistic group and their typically developing (TD) peers serves as quantitative evidence to objectively understand the restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) in autistic children. The source code can be accessed here: https://github.com/mathjams/AAAI_2024.

AAAI 2025

Understanding Unique Behavioral Patterns through Multimodal Analysis of Eye-Hand Coordination in Autistic Children (Student Abstract)

### Welcome to CogSci Conference 2025!

The 47th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society was a hybrid meeting held in San Francisco. 

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The Cognitive Science Society brings together researchers from around the world who hold a common goal: understanding the nature of the human mind. The mission of the Society is to promote Cognitive Science as a discipline, and to foster scientific interchange among researchers in various areas of study, including Artificial Intelligence, Linguistics, Anthropology, Psychology, Neuroscience, Philosophy, and Education.

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#### Our History 

* **Society Creation**<br>
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The Journal, Cognitive Science, began publication in 1976, and is now published by Wiley-Blackwell. The Executive Editor is currently Richard P. Cooper of Birkbeck, University of London, and there are 18 Associate Editors and a 30-member editorial board. It serves as the premier outlet for research reports that intersect two or more disciplines. Copyrights for articles published in the journal are held by the Society. The Governing Board of the Cognitive Science Society voted in late 2006 to found a new journal, Topics in Cognitive Science (topiCS). The Editor in Chief is Wayne Gray, Cognitive Science Department, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. The journal seeks to fill a niche not occupied by Cognitive Science Journal or other cognitive science journals. Membership in the Society includes a subscription to Cognitive Science and TopiCS. Copyrights for articles published in the journal are held by the Society.
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CogSci 2025

The 47th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society presents the latest research across cognitive science and highlights the theme of Cognition in Context.

technical paper

We are pleased to announce the Thirty-Ninth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-25), which will be held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania at the Pennsylvania Convention Center from February 25 to March 4, 2025.

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. AAAI-25 will feature technical paper presentations, special tracks, invited speakers, workshops, tutorials, poster sessions, senior member presentations, competitions, and exhibit programs, and a range of other activities to be announced.

### [Invited Speakers](https://aaai.org/conference/aaai/aaai-25/aaai-25-invited-speakers/)<br><br><br>

Register [here](https://aaai.org/conference/aaai/aaai-25/registration/)<br><br> 

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. AAAI-25 will feature technical paper presentations, special tracks, invited speakers, workshops, tutorials, poster sessions, senior member presentations, competitions, and exhibit programs, and a range of other activities to be announced.



We consider temporal numeric planning problems $\Pi$ expressed in PDDL2.1, and show how it is possible to produce  SMT formulas $(i)$ whose models correspond to valid plans of $\Pi$, and $(ii)$ which extends the recently proposed planning with patterns approach from the numeric to the temporal case. We prove the correctness and completeness of the approach and that it outperforms all the publicly available temporal planners on 10 domains with required concurrency.

Temporal Numeric Planning with Patterns

This paper introduces Conformal Thresholded Intervals (CTI), a novel conformal regression method that aims to produce the smallest possible prediction set with guaranteed coverage. Unlike existing methods that rely on nested conformal frameworks and full conditional distribution estimation, CTI estimates the conditional probability density for a new response to fall into each interquantile interval using off-the-shelf multi-output quantile regression. By leveraging the inverse relationship between interval length and probability density, CTI constructs prediction sets by thresholding the estimated conditional interquantile intervals based on their length. The optimal threshold is determined using a calibration set to ensure marginal coverage, effectively balancing the trade-off between prediction set size and coverage. CTI's approach is computationally efficient and avoids the complexity of estimating the full conditional distribution. The method is theoretically grounded, with provable guarantees for marginal coverage and achieving the smallest prediction size given by Neyman-Pearson . Extensive experimental results demonstrate that CTI achieves superior performance compared to state-of-the-art conformal regression methods across various datasets, consistently producing smaller prediction sets while maintaining the desired coverage level. The proposed method offers a simple yet effective solution for reliable uncertainty quantification in regression tasks, making it an attractive choice for practitioners seeking accurate and efficient conformal prediction.

Conformal Thresholded Intervals for Efficient Regression

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to significant breakthroughs in various natural language processing tasks. However, generating factually consistent responses in knowledge-intensive scenarios remains a challenge due to issues such as hallucination, difficulty in acquiring long-tailed knowledge, and limited memory expansion. This paper introduces SMART, a novel multi-agent framework that leverages external knowledge to enhance the interpretability and factual consistency of LLM-generated responses. SMART comprises four specialized agents, each performing a specific sub-trajectory action to navigate complex knowledge-intensive tasks. We propose a multi-agent co-training paradigm, Long-Short Trajectory Learning, which ensures synergistic collaboration among agents while maintaining fine-grained execution by each agent. Extensive experiments on five knowledge-intensive tasks demonstrate SMART's superior performance compared to widely adopted knowledge internalization and knowledge enhancement methods. Our framework can extend beyond knowledge-intensive tasks to more complex scenarios.

Synergistic Multi-Agent Framework with Trajectory Learning for Knowledge-Intensive Tasks

Spatiotemporal forecasting (STF) is pivotal in urban computing, yet data scarcity in developing cities hampers robust model training. Addressing this, recent studies leverage transfer learning to migrate knowledge from data-rich (source) to data-poor (target) cities. This strategy, while effective, faces challenges as pre-trained models risk absorbing noise and harmful information due to data distribution disparities, potentially undermining the accuracy of forecasts for target cities.
% In this paper, we argue that cross-city transfer learning is to adjust the parameter searching space of the forecasting model on target city based on data from source cities. 
To address this issue, we propose a one-stage STF framework named Target-Skewed Joint Training (TSJT). Central to TSJT is a novel Target-Skewed Backward training strategy that selectively refines gradients from source city data, preserving only the elements that positively impact the target city. 
To further enhance the quality of these gradients, we have designed a Node Prompting Module (NPM). 
TSJT is crafted for seamless integration with existing STF models, endowing them with the capability to efficiently tackle challenges stemming from data scarcity. 
Experimental results on several real-world datasets from multiple cities substantiate the efficacy of TSJT in the realm of cross-city transfer learning.

Drawing Informative Gradients from Sources: A One-stage Transfer Learning Framework for Cross-city Spatiotemporal Forecasting

In Tennenholtz’s program equilibrium, players of a game submit programs to play on their behalf. Each program receives the other programs’ source code and outputs an action. This can model interactions involving AI agents, mutually transparent institutions, or commitments. (Tennenholtz 2004) proves a folk theorem for program games, but the equilibria constructed are very brittle. We therefore consider simulation-based programs – i.e., programs that work by running opponents’ programs. These are relatively robust (in particular, two programs that act the same are treated the same) and are more practical than proof-based approaches. Oesterheld’s (2019) $\epsilon$Grounded$\pi$Bot is such an approach. Unfortunately, it is not generally applicable to games of three or more players, and only allows for a limited range of equilibria in two player games. In this paper, we propose a generalisation to Oesterheld’s (2019) $\epsilon$Grounded$\pi$Bot. We prove a folk theorem for our programs in a setting with access to a shared source of randomness. We then characterise their equilibria in a setting without shared randomness. Both with and without shared randomness, we achieve a much wider range of equilibria than Oesterheld’s (2019) $\epsilon$Grounded$\pi$Bot. Finally, we explore the limits of simulation-based program equilibrium, showing that the Tennenholtz folk theorem cannot be attained by simulation-based programs without access to shared randomness.

Characterising Simulation-Based Program Equilibria

Despite the huge success of text-to-image (TTI) generation models, existing studies seldom consider whether generated images accurately represent factual information. In this paper, we define the problem of image hallucination as the generated images fail to accurately depict factual information. To address this, we introduce I-HallA (Image Hallucination evaluation with Question Answering), an automatic evaluation metric that measures the factuality of generated images through visual question answering (VQA), and I-HallA v1.0, a curated benchmark dataset. We develop a three-stage pipeline that generates curated question-answer pairs using multiple GPT-4 Omni-based agents with human judgments. Our evaluation protocols measure image hallucination by testing if images from existing text-to-image models can correctly answer these questions. The I-HallA v1.0 dataset comprises 1.2K diverse image-text pairs across 9 categories with varying levels of difficulty and 1,000 questions covering 9 compositions. We evaluate 5 different text-to-image models using I-HallA and demonstrate that these state-of-the-art models often fail to accurately convey factual information. Additionally, we establish the validity of our evaluation method through human evaluation, yielding a Spearman's correlation of 0.95. We believe our benchmark dataset and metric can serve as a foundation for developing factually accurate text-to-image generation models.

Evaluating Image Hallucination in Text-to-Image Generation with Question-Answering

The vision-based geo-localization technology for UAV, serving as a secondary source of GPS information in addition to the global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), can still operate independently when communication with the external environment is cut off.
Recent deep learning based methods attribute this as the task of image matching and retrieval.
By retrieving drone-view images in satellite image database with GPS information tagged, approximate localization information can be obtained.
However, due to high costs and privacy concerns, it is usually difficult to obtain large quantities of drone-view images from a continuous area.
Existing drone-view datasets are mostly composed of small-scale aerial photography with a strong assumption that there exists a perfect one-to-one aligned reference image for any query, leaving a significant gap from the practical localization scenario.
In this work, we construct a large-range continues area UAV geo-localization dataset named GTA-UAV, featuring multiple flight altitudes, attitudes, scenes, and targets using modern computer games.
Based on this dataset, we introduce a more practical UAV geo-localization task including partial matches of cross-view paired data, and expand the image-level retrieval to the actual localization in terms of distance (meters).
For the construction of drone-view and satellite-view pairs, we adopt a weight-based contrastive learning approach, which allows for effective learning while avoiding additional post-processing matching steps.
Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our data and training method for UAV geo-localization, as well as the generalization capabilities to real-world scenarios.

Game4Loc: A UAV Geo-Localization Benchmark from Game Data

This study introduces a neurosymbolic approach that performs iterative graph expansion guided by a graph neural network to solve symbolic regression problems. Empirical evaluation demonstrates superior performance of the method compared to baseline algorithms. We also integrate the method with an evolutionary algorithm, which results in further performance improvements.

Neuro-Guided Graph Search for Symbolic Regression (Student Abstract)

Recent advances in deep learning have expanded the application of large language models (LLMs) across fields such as medicine, finance, and education. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these models is essential to mitigate issues like hallucinations and bias. This study provides deep learning practitioners with insights into how specific training data points and internal structures influence model behaviour. Using influence functions and mechanistic interpretability, we will analyze the impact of data on model predictions across various tasks. Preliminary findings indicate that semantic search techniques, such as FAISS, enable efficient identification of influential training points in GPT-2 small. Future work will extend these methods to additional tasks and more complex models, with a focus on further elucidating LLM structures to improve interpretability.

Unraveling the Influence of Training Data and Internal Structures in Large Language Models for Enhanced Explainability (Student Abstract)

Large language models (LLMs) now turn their attention to search. Recently, Thought of Search (ToS) proposed defining the search space with code, having an LLM produce that code. ToS requires a human in the loop, collaboratively producing a sound successor function and goal test, achieving impressive 100% accuracy on all the tested datasets. In this work, we automate ToS (AutoToS), completely taking the human out of the loop of solving planning problems. AutoToS guides the language model step by step towards the generation of sound and complete search components, through feedback from both generic and domain specific unit tests. We achieve 100% accuracy, with minimal feedback iterations, using LLMs of various sizes on all evaluated domains.

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Temporal Numeric Planning with Patterns

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