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Conformal prediction (CP) has gained prominence as a popular technique for uncertainty quantification in deep neural networks (DNNs), providing statistically rigorous uncertainty sets. However, existing CP methods fail to clarify the origins of predictive uncertainties. While neuron-level interpretability has been effective in revealing the internal mechanisms of DNNs, explaining CP at the neuron level remains unexplored. Nonetheless, generating neuron explanations for CP is challenging due to the discrete and non-differentiable characteristics of CP, and the labor-intensive process of semantic annotation. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a novel neuron explanation approach for CP by identifying neurons crucial for understanding predictive uncertainties and automatically generating semantic explanations. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through both qualitative and quantitative experiments.

AAAI 2025

Neuron Explanations for Conformal Prediction (Student Abstract)

technical paper

We are pleased to announce the Thirty-Ninth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-25), which will be held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania at the Pennsylvania Convention Center from February 25 to March 4, 2025.

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. AAAI-25 will feature technical paper presentations, special tracks, invited speakers, workshops, tutorials, poster sessions, senior member presentations, competitions, and exhibit programs, and a range of other activities to be announced.

### [Invited Speakers](https://aaai.org/conference/aaai/aaai-25/aaai-25-invited-speakers/)

Register [here](https://aaai.org/conference/aaai/aaai-25/registration/)

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. AAAI-25 will feature technical paper presentations, special tracks, invited speakers, workshops, tutorials, poster sessions, senior member presentations, competitions, and exhibit programs, and a range of other activities to be announced.



We consider temporal numeric planning problems $\Pi$ expressed in PDDL2.1, and show how it is possible to produce  SMT formulas $(i)$ whose models correspond to valid plans of $\Pi$, and $(ii)$ which extends the recently proposed planning with patterns approach from the numeric to the temporal case. We prove the correctness and completeness of the approach and that it outperforms all the publicly available temporal planners on 10 domains with required concurrency.

Temporal Numeric Planning with Patterns

The task of 3D object detection is crucial for various applications that rely on identifying objects in three-dimensional space using inputs like LiDAR point clouds and images. However, LiDAR-based detection faces challenges due to the sparsity of point clouds, especially at greater distances. To address this, depth completion models have been used to generate virtual points from RGB images, but they struggle with real-time applications due to high computational costs. Our work eliminates the depth completion process, significantly improving processing speed while minimizing performance degradation. Consequently, our method has achieved an optimal balance between speed and accuracy on the KITTI leaderboard.

Beyond Virtual Points: Depth-Enhanced LiDAR-only 3D Object Detection with Semi-Supervised Learning (Student Abstract)

Health-risk behaviors such as overeating and smoking have a profound impact on public health, making their monitoring and mitigation critical. Wearable RGB-Thermal cameras are being employed to monitor these behaviors by capturing hand-to-mouth (HTM) gestures, which are central to them. However, detection models relying on single modalities—either RGB or thermal—often struggle to accurately distinguish these confounding gestures due to inherent sensor limitations, such as sensitivity to lighting conditions or thermal occlusions. We present a family of fusion models that integrate RGB and thermal video data using early-, decision- , and a novel mid-fusion architecture, RGB-Thermal Fusion Video Network (RTFVNet), designed to enhance the recognition of HTM gestures associated with eating and smoking. Our evaluation shows that while decision fusion achieves the highest F1-score of 88% (0.44 TFLOPs), RTFVNet offers an optimal balance between performance (85%) and complexity (0.37 TFLOPs) for gesture classification of eating, smoking, and non-gesture activities.

Multi-Modal Hand-to-Mouth Gesture Recognition in Activity-Oriented RGB-Thermal Footage (Student Abstract)

Recent advancements in single image super-resolution have been predominantly driven by token mixers and transformer architectures. WaveMixSR utilized the WaveMix architecture, employing a two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform for spatial token mixing, achieving superior performance in super-resolution tasks with remarkable resource efficiency. In this work, we present an enhanced version of the WaveMixSR architecture by (1) replacing the traditional transpose convolution layer with a pixel shuffle operation and (2) implementing a multistage design for higher resolution tasks (4x). Our experiments demonstrate that our enhanced model -- WaveMixSR-V2 -- outperforms other architectures in multiple super-resolution tasks, achieving state-of-the-art for the BSD100 dataset, while also consuming fewer resources and exhibiting higher parameter efficiency and throughput.

WaveMixSR-V2: Enhancing Super-resolution with Higher Efficiency (Student Abstract)

Demonstration selection algorithms play a crucial role in optimizing Large Language Models' (LLMs) in-context learning performance. Despite numerous proposed algorithms, their comparative effectiveness remains understudied. We present a comprehensive evaluation of six state-of-the-art demonstration selection algorithms across five datasets, examining both their effectiveness and computational efficiency. Our findings reveal significant trade-offs: while some demonstration selection algorithms achieve superior accuracy, they incur substantial computational costs. We also discover that increasing demonstration examples doesn't consistently improve performance, and some sophisticated algorithms struggle to outperform random selection in certain scenarios. These insights provide valuable benchmarks for future algorithm development and practical implementation. Our code is available at https://github.com/Tizzzzy/Demonstration_Selection_Overview.

Comparative Analysis of Demonstration Selection Algorithms for In-Context Learning in Large Language Models (Student Abstract)

A rich line of theoretical work has modeled scenarios in which a set of agents make decisions sequentially, based on observing a growing mix of public and private signals that are revealed as these decisions occur. Here, we study a second crucial dimension, which is the way in which strategies can depend on crowding. In particular, consider a setting in which agents must sequentially decide which of several options to invest in, each based on a public signal that they receive. One of these options will ultimately be revealed to be valuable; but crucially, all the agents who selected this option must divide the value that comes from it. As a result, when a given agent j goes to make a decision among the options, the decisions of earlier agents convey information about the payoff that j will receive in any eventual division of the value. When many earlier agents have chosen a specific option, the greater crowding on this option means it must be divided more finely, resulting in lower payoffs. To simulate large games when signals are public, we define a polynomial-time algorithm to compute equilibrium strategies. We show that even in this case of public signals, the interaction of crowding with informational effects leads to complex non-monotonicities in the resulting sequential decisions, with agents sometimes choosing options with lower expected levels of crowding --- and hence a better split of the potential value --- over options with better informational or current crowding properties.

Trade-Offs Between Information and Crowding in Sequential Decisions (Student Abstract)

Data-driven analysis has shown promising results in identifying subtle patterns in the behavior of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) for diagnosis and intervention. However, most existing methods primarily focus on a single behavioral modality (e.g., eye movements) instead of capturing the intricate multimodal behavior of humans. We propose a multimodal approach that investigates the underlying connections between eye movements and hand motions through eye-to-hand prediction. To tackle the highly noisy and irregular behavioral data, we propose a novel approach that defines the prediction as a machine translation problem and leverages a sequence-to-sequence machine learning model for the prediction. An experimental study on a dataset collected from a VR system has demonstrated high prediction accuracy. The significant difference in the prediction accuracy between the autistic group and their typically developing (TD) peers serves as quantitative evidence to objectively understand the restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) in autistic children. The source code can be accessed here: https://github.com/mathjams/AAAI_2024.

Understanding Unique Behavioral Patterns through Multimodal Analysis of Eye-Hand Coordination in Autistic Children (Student Abstract)

This study introduces a neurosymbolic approach that performs iterative graph expansion guided by a graph neural network to solve symbolic regression problems. Empirical evaluation demonstrates superior performance of the method compared to baseline algorithms. We also integrate the method with an evolutionary algorithm, which results in further performance improvements.

Neuro-Guided Graph Search for Symbolic Regression (Student Abstract)

Recent advances in deep learning have expanded the application of large language models (LLMs) across fields such as medicine, finance, and education. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these models is essential to mitigate issues like hallucinations and bias. This study provides deep learning practitioners with insights into how specific training data points and internal structures influence model behaviour. Using influence functions and mechanistic interpretability, we will analyze the impact of data on model predictions across various tasks. Preliminary findings indicate that semantic search techniques, such as FAISS, enable efficient identification of influential training points in GPT-2 small. Future work will extend these methods to additional tasks and more complex models, with a focus on further elucidating LLM structures to improve interpretability.

Unraveling the Influence of Training Data and Internal Structures in Large Language Models for Enhanced Explainability (Student Abstract)

Large language models (LLMs) now turn their attention to search. Recently, Thought of Search (ToS) proposed defining the search space with code, having an LLM produce that code. ToS requires a human in the loop, collaboratively producing a sound successor function and goal test, achieving impressive 100% accuracy on all the tested datasets. In this work, we automate ToS (AutoToS), completely taking the human out of the loop of solving planning problems. AutoToS guides the language model step by step towards the generation of sound and complete search components, through feedback from both generic and domain specific unit tests. We achieve 100% accuracy, with minimal feedback iterations, using LLMs of various sizes on all evaluated domains.

Neuron Explanations for Conformal Prediction (Student Abstract)

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Temporal Numeric Planning with Patterns

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