United States

Geologists seek to understand the relationship between volcanic unrest and eruptions by identifying subtle Volcanic Thermal Features (VTFs) in high-resolution satellite imagery. This analysis requires the careful curation of large databases of relevant volcanic thermal information. However, volcanic unrest is characterized by highly subtle thermal anomalies. Manual identification on a global scale is highly labor- and time-intensive. We propose Hotspotter: an end-to-end system to automatically detect subtle volcanic thermal anomalies in satellite images and derive relevant thermal statistics. Previous solutions for automated VTF detection have limited data size and geographic diversity. To accommodate an unprecedentedly large and diverse volcanic dataset, we propose an automated pipeline combining unsupervised anomaly detection with supervised classification to filter anomalous regions. Hotspotter gives 90% anomaly detection accuracy and robust generalization to new volcanoes. Our automated approach can accelerate scientists&#39; search for VTFs to help identify relevant thermal precursors and enable more precise forecasts of global volcanic eruptions.

AAAI 2025

Hotspotter: A Generalizable Pipeline for Automated Detection of Subtle Volcanic Thermal Features in Satellite Images

**Attenzione, gli orari riportati nel PROGRAMMA (icona calendario) si riferiscono al fuso orario locale dell’utente. Il fuso orario ufficiale del Congresso è Central European Time (CET).**

L'Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e Geofisica Sperimentale - OGS e il Dipartimento di Matematica e Geoscienze dell'Università di Trieste sono orgogliosi di ospitare il 90° Congresso della Società Geologica Italiana a Trieste dal 14 al 16 settembre 2021. La modalità del congresso è interamente online.

Con il motto "Geologia senza frontiere" questo evento mira a promuovere le Scienze della Terra come disciplina scientifica proiettata nel futuro, oltre i confini geografici, politici e disciplinari, per comprendere meglio l'interno del Pianeta Terra e la struttura del sottosuolo, difendere la società da pericolosi eventi geologici, comprendere meglio la variabilità climatica, pianificare l'utilizzo delle georisorse in modo etico e nel rispetto dell'ambiente.


**Please note, times listed in the SCHEDULE tab (calendar icon) reflect YOUR LOCAL TIME ZONE. The main timezone for this conference will be Central European Summer Time.**

The National Institute of Oceanography and Experimental Geophysics - OGS and the Department of Mathematics and Geosciences of the University of Trieste are proud to host the 90th Congress of the Italian Geological Society in Trieste on 14-16 September 2021.  The Congress will be held entirely online.

With the motto "Geology Without Borders" this event aims to promote Earth Sciences as a scientific discipline projected into the future, beyond geographical, political and disciplinary boundaries, to better understand the interior of Planet Earth and the structure of the subsurface, defend society from dangerous geological events, better understand climatic variability, plan the use of geo-resources in an ethical way and respecting the environment.


Welcome to the SGI2021 virtual conference.  In order to access the conference and content, [please register for the meeting here](https://www.geoscienze.org/trieste2021/index.php/registrazioni/registrati)

Please register for the SGI conference to join the event.

SGI 2021

Earth Sciences should be understood not only as necessary for a better understanding of the interior of the planet Earth, but also as a defense of society from dangerous geological events, for the understanding of climatic variations, for the planning and use of georesources in a ethical and respecting and protecting the environment.

Geologists seek to understand the relationship between volcanic unrest and eruptions by identifying subtle Volcanic Thermal Features (VTFs) in high-resolution satellite imagery. This analysis requires the careful curation of large databases of relevant volcanic thermal information. However, volcanic unrest is characterized by highly subtle thermal anomalies. Manual identification on a global scale is highly labor- and time-intensive. We propose Hotspotter: an end-to-end system to automatically detect subtle volcanic thermal anomalies in satellite images and derive relevant thermal statistics. Previous solutions for automated VTF detection have limited data size and geographic diversity. To accommodate an unprecedentedly large and diverse volcanic dataset, we propose an automated pipeline combining unsupervised anomaly detection with supervised classification to filter anomalous regions. Hotspotter gives 90% anomaly detection accuracy and robust generalization to new volcanoes. Our automated approach can accelerate scientists' search for VTFs to help identify relevant thermal precursors and enable more precise forecasts of global volcanic eruptions.

technical paper

We are pleased to announce the Thirty-Ninth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-25), which will be held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania at the Pennsylvania Convention Center from February 25 to March 4, 2025.

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. AAAI-25 will feature technical paper presentations, special tracks, invited speakers, workshops, tutorials, poster sessions, senior member presentations, competitions, and exhibit programs, and a range of other activities to be announced.

### [Invited Speakers](https://aaai.org/conference/aaai/aaai-25/aaai-25-invited-speakers/)

Register [here](https://aaai.org/conference/aaai/aaai-25/registration/)

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. AAAI-25 will feature technical paper presentations, special tracks, invited speakers, workshops, tutorials, poster sessions, senior member presentations, competitions, and exhibit programs, and a range of other activities to be announced.



Generalized zero-shot semantic segmentation of 3D point clouds aims to classify each point into both seen and unseen classes. A significant challenge with these models is their tendency to make biased predictions, often favoring the classes encountered during training. This problem is more pronounced in 3D applications, where the scale of the training data is typically smaller than in image-based tasks. To address this problem, we propose a novel method called E3DPC-GZSL, which reduces overconfident predictions towards seen classes without relying on separate classifiers for seen and unseen data. E3DPC-GZSL tackles the overconfidence problem by integrating an evidence-based uncertainty estimator into a classifier. This estimator is then used to adjust prediction probabilities using a dynamic calibrated stacking factor that accounts for pointwise prediction uncertainty. In addition, E3DPC-GZSL introduces a novel training strategy that improves uncertainty estimation by refining the semantic space. This is achieved by merging learnable parameters with text-derived features, thereby improving model optimization for unseen data. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves state-of-the-art performance on generalized zero-shot semantic segmentation datasets, including ScanNet v2 and S3DIS. Note that the code will be released upon paper publication.

Generalized Zero-Shot Learning for Point Cloud Segmentation with Evidence-Based Dynamic Calibration

The long-run average payoff per transition (mean payoff) is the main tool for specifying the performance and dependability properties of discrete systems. The problem of constructing a controller (strategy) simultaneously optimizing several mean payoffs has been deeply studied for stochastic and game-theoretic models. One common issue of the constructed controllers is the instability of the mean payoffs, measured by the deviations of the average rewards per transition computed in a finite "window" sliding along a run. Unfortunately, the problem of simultaneously optimizing the mean payoffs under local stability constraints is computationally hard, and the existing works do not provide a practically usable algorithm even for non-stochastic models such as two-player games. In this paper, we design and evaluate the first efficient and scalable solution to this problem applicable to Markov decision processes.

Multiple Mean-Payoff Optimization Under Local Stability Constraints

By classic results in social choice theory, any reasonable preferential voting method sometimes gives individuals an incentive to report an insincere preference. The extent to which different voting methods are more or less resistant to such strategic manipulation has become a key consideration for comparing voting methods. Here we measure resistance to manipulation by whether neural networks of varying sizes can learn to profitably manipulate a given voting method in expectation, given different types of limited information about how other voters will vote. We trained over 100,000 neural networks of 26 sizes to manipulate against 8 different voting methods, under 6 types of limited information, in committee-sized elections with 5-21 voters and 3-6 candidates. We find that some voting methods, such as Borda, are highly manipulable by networks with limited information, while others, such as Instant Runoff, are not, despite being quite profitably manipulated by an ideal manipulator with full information. For the three probability models for elections that we use, the overall least manipulable of the 8 methods we study are Condorcet methods, namely Minimax and Split Cycle.

Learning to Manipulate Under Limited Information

Dense retrieval has emerged as the leading approach in information retrieval, aiming to find semantically relevant documents based on natural language queries. Given that a single document can be retrieved by multiple distinct queries, existing methods aim to represent a document with multiple vectors. Each vector is aligned with a different query to model the many-to-one relationship between queries and documents. However, these multiple vector-based approaches encounter challenges such as Increased Storage, Vector Collapse, and Search Efficiency.
To address these issues, we introduce the Distribution-Driven Dense Retrieval framework (DDR). Specifically, we use vectors to represent queries and distributions to represent documents. This approach not only captures the relationships between multiple queries corresponding to the same document but also avoids the need to use multiple vectors to represent the document. Furthermore, to ensure search efficiency for DDR, we propose a dot product-based computation method to calculate the similarity between documents represented by distributions and queries represented by vectors. This allows for seamless integration with existing approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search algorithms for efficient search. Finally, we conduct extensive experiments on real-world datasets, which  demonstrate that our method significantly outperforms traditional dense retrieval methods. Our code is available at https://anonymous.4open.science/r/DDR-C44F.

Distribution-Driven Dense Retrieval: Modeling Many-to-One Query-Document Relationship

Real-world vision models in dynamic environments face rapid shifts in domain distributions, leading to decreased recognition performance. Using unlabeled test data, continuous test-time adaptation (CTTA) directly adjusts a pre-trained source discriminative model to these changing domains. A highly effective CTTA method involves applying layer-wise adaptive learning rates for selectively adapting pre-trained layers. However, it suffers from the poor estimation of domain shift and the inaccuracies arising from the pseudo-labels. This work aims to overcome these limitations by identifying layers for adaptation via quantifying model prediction uncertainty without relying on pseudo-labels. We utilize the magnitude of gradients as a metric, calculated by backpropagating the KL divergence between the softmax output and a uniform distribution, to select layers for further adaptation. Subsequently, for the parameters exclusively belonging to these selected layers, with the remaining ones frozen, we evaluate their sensitivity to approximate the domain shift and adjust their learning rates accordingly. We conduct extensive image classification experiments on CIFAR-10C, CIFAR-100C, and ImageNet-C, demonstrating the superior efficacy of our method compared to prior approaches.

PALM: Pushing Adaptive Learning Rate Mechanisms for Continual Test-Time Adaptation

Existing automatic prompt engineering methods are typically designed for discriminative tasks, where new task prompts are iteratively refined with limited feedback from a single metric reflecting a single aspect. However, these approaches are suboptimal for generative tasks, which require more nuanced guidance beyond a single numeric metric to improve the prompt and optimize multiple aspects of the generated text. To address these challenges, we propose a novel multi-aspect Critique-Suggestion-guided automatic Prompt Optimization (CriSPO) approach. CriSPO introduces a critique-suggestion module as its core component. This module spontaneously discovers aspects, and compares generated and reference texts across these aspects, providing specific suggestions for prompt modification. These clear critiques and actionable suggestions guide a receptive optimizer module to make more substantial changes, exploring a broader and more effective search space. To further improve CriSPO with multi-metric optimization, we introduce an Automatic Suffix Tuning (AST) extension to enhance the performance of task prompts across multiple metrics. We evaluate CriSPO on 4 state-of-the-art Large Language Models (LLMs) across 4 summarization and 5 Question Answering (QA) datasets. Extensive experiments show 3-4% ROUGE score improvement on summarization and substantial improvement of various metrics on QA.

CriSPO: Multi-Aspect Critique-Suggestion-guided Automatic Prompt Optimization for Text Generation

Multi-agent pathfinding (MAPF) is a challenging computational problem that generally asks to find collision-free paths for multiple agents in a shared environment. Solving MAPF optimally is NP-hard, yet efficient solutions are critical for numerous applications, including automated warehouses and transportation systems. Recently, learning-based approaches to MAPF have gained attention, particularly those leveraging deep reinforcement learning. Following current trends in machine learning, we have created a foundation model for the MAPF problems called MAPF-GPT. Using imitation learning, we have trained a policy on a set of pre-collected sub-optimal expert trajectories that can generate actions in conditions of partial observability without additional heuristics, reward functions or communication with other agents. The resulting MAPF-GPT model demonstrates zero-shot learning abilities when solving the MAPF problem instances that were not present in the training dataset. We show that MAPF-GPT notably overpasses the current best-performing learnable-MAPF solvers on a diverse range of problem instances and is efficient in terms of computation (in the inference mode).

MAPF-GPT: Imitation Learning for Multi-Agent Pathfinding at Scale

The \textsc{Mutliagent Path Finding} (MAPF) problem consists of identifying the trajectories that a set of agents should follow inside a given network in order to reach their desired destinations as soon as possible, but without colliding with each other. We aim to minimize the maximum time any agent takes to reach their goal, ensuring optimal path length. In this work, we complement a recent thread of results that aim to systematically study the algorithmic behavior of this problem, through the parameterized complexity point of view.

First, we show that MAPF is NP-hard when the given network has a star-like topology (bounded vertex cover number) or is a tree with $11$ leaves. Both of these results fill important gaps in our understanding of the tractability of this problem that were left untreated in the recent work of [Fioravantes et al. Exact Algorithms and Lowerbounds for Multiagent Path Finding: Power of Treelike Topology. AAAI'24]. Nevertheless, our main contribution is an exact algorithm that scales well as the input grows (FPT) when the topology of the given network is highly centralized (bounded distance to clique). This parameter is significant as it mirrors real-world networks. In such environments, a bunch of central hubs or nodes (e.g., processing areas) are connected to peripheral nodes.

Solving Multiagent Path Finding on Highly Centralized Networks

Audio classification technology plays a crucial role in fields such as human-computer interaction and intelligent robotics. However, high-precision audio classification models typically demand significant computational and storage resources, posing substantial challenges when deploying to edge devices with limited performance but an urgent need for such capabilities. To achieve a new level of balance between model complexity and performance, we propose a novel multiview method for parallel feature extraction and apply it in conjunction with channel attention within a lightweight convolutional neural network. The proposed method exists within the network in the form of a mirrored attention mechanism. It enables reversible spatial transformations of spectral features and efficiently leverages robust local and global features in the time-frequency domain with a minimal number of parameters, significantly enhancing the utilization of key information. Experimental results based on Mel-Spectrogram features for audio classification demonstrate that the proposed method achieves accuracy exceeding 97% on the UrbanSound8K and SpeechCommandsV2 datasets with a total parameter count being only 0.03M. Finally, in the ablation and reverse ablation experiments, we fully verified and explained the contribution of each novel segment in proposed method. Our code has been uploaded to the supplementary material and will be published on GitHub afterward.

M3Net: Efficient Time-Frequency Integration Network with Mirror Attention for Audio Classification on Edge

Reconstructing perceived images from human brain activity forms a crucial link between human and machine learning through Brain-Computer Interfaces. Early methods primarily focused on training separate models for each individual to account for individual variability in brain activity, overlooking valuable cross-subject commonalities. Recent advancements have explored multisubject methods, but these approaches face significant challenges, particularly in data privacy and effectively managing individual variability. To overcome these challenges, we introduce BrainGuard, a privacy-preserving collaborative training framework designed to enhance image reconstruction from multisubject fMRI data while safeguarding individual privacy. BrainGuard employs a collaborative global-local architecture where personalized models are trained on each subject's data and operate in conjunction with a shared commonality model that captures and leverages cross-subject patterns. This architecture eliminates the need to aggregate fMRI data across subjects, thereby ensuring privacy preservation. To tackle the complexity of fMRI data, BrainGuard integrates a hybrid synchronization strategy, enabling individual models to dynamically incorporate parameters from the global model. By establishing a secure and collaborative training environment, BrainGuard not only protects sensitive brain activity data but also improves the accuracy of image reconstructions. Extensive experiments demonstrate that BrainGuard sets a new benchmark in both high-level and low-level metrics, advancing the state-of-the-art in brain decoding through its innovative design.

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Generalized Zero-Shot Learning for Point Cloud Segmentation with Evidence-Based Dynamic Calibration

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Volcanic hazard monitoring from space using MOUNTS

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Generalized Zero-Shot Learning for Point Cloud Segmentation with Evidence-Based Dynamic Calibration

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Volcanic hazard monitoring from space using MOUNTS

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