United States

Cryo-Electron Tomography (cryo-ET) is a 3D imaging technology that facilitates the study of macromolecular structures at near-atomic resolution. Recent volumetric segmentation approaches on cryo-ET images have drawn widespread interest in the biological sector. However, existing methods heavily rely on manually labeled data, which requires highly professional skills, thereby hindering the adoption of fully-supervised approaches for cryo-ET images. Some unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) approaches have been designed to enhance the segmentation network performance using unlabeled data. However, applying these methods directly to cryo-ET image segmentation tasks remains challenging due to two main issues: 1) the source dataset, usually obtained through simulation, contains a fixed level of noise, while the target dataset, directly collected from raw-data from the real-world scenario, have unpredictable noise levels. 2) the source data used for training typically consists of known macromoleculars. In contrast, the target domain data are often unknown, causing the model to be biased towards those known macromolecules, leading to a domain shift problem. To address such challenges, in this work, we introduce a voxel-wise unsupervised domain adaptation approach, termed Vox-UDA, specifically for cryo-ET subtomogram segmentation. Vox-UDA incorporates a noise generation module to simulate target-like noises in the source dataset for cross-noise level adaptation. Additionally, we propose a denoised pseudo-labeling strategy based on the improved Bilateral Filter to alleviate the domain shift problem. More importantly, we construct the first UDA cryo-ET subtomogram segmentation benchmark on three experimental datasets. Extensive experimental results on multiple benchmarks and newly curated real-world datasets demonstrate the superiority of our proposed approach compared to state-of-the-art UDA methods.

AAAI 2025

Vox-UDA: Voxel-wise Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Cryo-Electron Subtomogram Segmentation with Denoised Pseudo-Labeling

biology cell microscopy

The purpose of the AAAI conference is to promote research in artificial intelligence (AI) and scientific exchange among AI researchers, practitioners, scientists, and engineers in affiliated disciplines. 

AAAI 2021

poster

We are pleased to announce the Thirty-Ninth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-25), which will be held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania at the Pennsylvania Convention Center from February 25 to March 4, 2025.

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. AAAI-25 will feature technical paper presentations, special tracks, invited speakers, workshops, tutorials, poster sessions, senior member presentations, competitions, and exhibit programs, and a range of other activities to be announced.

### [Invited Speakers](https://aaai.org/conference/aaai/aaai-25/aaai-25-invited-speakers/)

Register [here](https://aaai.org/conference/aaai/aaai-25/registration/)

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. AAAI-25 will feature technical paper presentations, special tracks, invited speakers, workshops, tutorials, poster sessions, senior member presentations, competitions, and exhibit programs, and a range of other activities to be announced.



Infrared and visible image fusion is a crucial technique for enhancing visual performance by integrating unique information from different modalities into one fused image. Exiting methods pay more attention to conducting fusion with undisturbed data, while overlooking the impact of deliberate interference on the effectiveness of fusion results. To investigate the robustness of fusion models, in this paper, we propose a novel adversarial attack resilient network, called $\textrm{A}^{\textrm{2}}$RNet, for infrared and visible image fusion. Specifically, we develop an adversarial paradigm with an anti-attack loss function for IVIF to implement adversarial attacks and training. It is constructed based on the intrinsic nature of IVIF and provide a robust foundation for future research advancements. We adopt a Unet as the pipeline with a transformer-based defensive refinement module (DRM) under this paradigm, which guarantees fused image quality in a robust coarse-to-fine manner. Compared to previous work, our method mitigates the adverse effects of adversarial perturbations, consistently maintaining high-fidelity fusion results. Furthermore, the performance of downstream tasks can also be well maintained under adversarial attacks.

A²RNet: Adversarial Attack Resilient Network for Robust Infrared and Visible Image Fusion

Image change captioning (ICC) poses great challenges stemming from describing subtle differences between two similar images in natural language, significantly increasing the complexity of feature extraction and cross-modal learning compared to the image captioning task. Existing ICC methods often suffer from two key challenges: 1) Massive irrelevant information of uni-image features leads to suboptimal visual difference representations; 2) Imprecise inter-modality correspondence degrades the quality of generated captions. This paper proposes a \textbf{D}ifference-awar\textbf{e} \textbf{C}ontrastive D\textbf{i}ffusion Model with A\textbf{d}versarial P\textbf{er}turbations (DECIDER) for ICC due to the excellent performance of diffusion models in image/text generation. Technically, difference-aware cross-modal learning is developed to suppress irrelevant information and learn compact yet robust visual difference representations. This is achieved by optimizing a novel objective mathematically derived from the information bottleneck principle that excels in filtering redundant features and highlighting differences. Furthermore, we propose to dynamically generate ``hard'' positive and negative samples via adversarial perturbations, which are involved in contrastive diffusion training with a tighter variational bound. This design encourages our DECIDER to excavate and construct complex correspondences between visual differences and captions, thereby improving generalization performance. Extensive experiments on four datasets demonstrate that DECIDER significantly exceeds state-of-the-art performance. The code will be publicly available upon acceptance.

DECIDER: Difference-aware Contrastive Diffusion Model with Adversarial Perturbations for Image Change Captioning

Significant disparities between the features of natural images and those inherent to histopathological images make it challenging to directly apply and transfer pre-trained models from natural images to histopathology tasks. Moreover, the frequent lack of annotations in histopathology patch images has driven researchers to explore self-supervised learning methods like mask reconstruction for learning representations from large amounts of unlabeled data. Crucially, previous mask-based efforts in self-supervised learning have often overlooked the spatial interactions among entities, which are essential for constructing accurate representations of pathological entities. To address these challenges, constructing graphs of entities is a promising approach. In addition, the diffusion reconstruction strategy has recently shown superior performance through its random intensity noise addition technique to enhance the robust learned representation. Therefore, we introduce $\textbf{H-MGDM}$, a novel self-supervised $\textbf{H}$istopathology image representation learning method through the Dynamic Entity-$\textbf{M}$asked $\textbf{G}$raph $\textbf{D}$iffusion $\textbf{M}$odel. Specifically, we propose to use complementary subgraphs as latent diffusion conditions and self-supervised targets respectively during pre-training. We note that the graph can embed entities' topological relationships and enhance representation. Dynamic conditions and targets can improve pathological fine reconstruction. Our model has conducted pretraining experiments on three large histopathological datasets. The advanced predictive performance and interpretability of H-MGDM are clearly evaluated on comprehensive downstream tasks such as classification and survival analysis on six datasets The advanced predictive performance and interpretability of H-MGDM are clearly evaluated on comprehensive downstream tasks such as classification and survival analysis on six datasets average improved by 5.18%. Our code will be publicly available.

Dynamic Entity-Masked Graph Diffusion Model for Histopathology Image Representation Learning

Existing unsupervised distillation-based methods rely on the differences between encoded and decoded features to locate abnormal regions in test images. However, the decoder trained only on normal samples still reconstructs abnormal patch features well, degrading performance. This issue is particularly pronounced in unsupervised multi-class anomaly detection task. We attribute this behavior to 'over-generalization' (OG) of decoder: the significantly increasing diversity of patch patterns in multi-class training enhances the model generalization on normal patches, but also inadvertently broadens its generalization to abnormal patches. To mitigate 'OG', we propose a novel approach that leverages class-agnostic learnable prompts to capture common textual normality across various visual patterns, and then apply them to guide the decoded features towards a 'normal' textual representation, suppressing 'over-generalization' of the decoder on abnormal patterns. To further improve performance, we also introduce a gated mixture-of-experts module to specialize in handling diverse patch patterns and reduce mutual interference between them in multi-class training. Our method achieves competitive performance on the MVTec AD and VisA datasets, demonstrating its effectiveness. The code will be released soon.

CNC: Cross-modal Normality Constraint for Unsupervised Multi-class Anomaly Detection

In this paper, we present a sequential joint dependency aware model for monocular 2D-to-3D human pose estimation. While existing estimators leverage the (bi)directional joint dependency with graph convolutions and attention, we further propose to exploit the sequential dependency between joints with state space model (SSM). Our sequential dependency takes into consideration the information of kinematic chain, joint hierarchy and the body part. We design a sequential dependency aware representation to transform the pose data into sequential data for our pose SSM module. We tailor the SSM layer in the pose SSM module for pose estimation by learning joint-dependent parameters and introducing pose aware hidden state initialization. Extensive experiments are conducted on two datasets to validate the effectiveness of our proposed SSM module, and the results demonstrate that our pose estimator can deliver impressive performance.

Sequential Joint Dependency Aware Human Pose Estimation with State Space Model

Temporal action localization (TAL) involves dual tasks to classify and localize actions within untrimmed videos. However, the two tasks often have conflicting requirements for features. Existing methods typically employ separate heads for classification and localization tasks but share the same input feature, leading to suboptimal performance. To address this issue, we propose a novel TAL method with Cross Layer Task Decoupling and Refinement (CLTDR). Based on the feature pyramid of video, CLTDR strategy integrates semantically strong features from higher pyramid layers and detailed boundary-aware boundary features from lower pyramid layers to effectively disentangle the action classification and localization tasks. Moreover, the multiple features from cross layers are also employed to refine and align the disentangled classification and regression results. At last, a lightweight Gated Multi-Granularity (GMG) module is proposed to comprehensively extract and aggregate video features at instant, local, and global temporal granularities. Benefiting from the CLTDR and GMG modules, our method achieves state-of-the-art performance on five challenging benchmarks: THUMOS14, MultiTHUMOS, EPIC-KITCHENS-100, ActivityNet-1.3, and HACS. Our code and pre-trained models are publicly available at: https://anonymous.4open.science/r/CLTDR-GMG.

Temporal Action Localization with Cross Layer Task Decoupling and Refinement

Human pose estimation has given rise to a broad spectrum of novel and compelling applications, including action recognition, sports analysis, as well as surveillance. However, accurate video pose estimation remains an open challenge. One aspect that has been overlooked so far is that existing methods learn motion clues from all pixels rather than focusing on the target human body, making them easily misled and disrupted by unimportant information such as background changes or movements of other people. Additionally, while the current Transformer-based pose estimation methods has demonstrated impressive performance with global modeling, they struggle with local context perception and precise positional identification. In this paper, we try to tackle these challenges from three aspects: (1) We propose a bilayer Human-Keypoint Mask module that performs coarse-to-fine visual token refinement, which gradually zooms in on the target human body and keypoints while masking out unimportant figure regions. (2) We further introduce a novel deformable cross attention mechanism and a bidirectional separation strategy to adaptively aggregate spatial and temporal motion clues from constrained surrounding contexts. (3) We mathematically formulate the deformable cross attention, constraining that the model focuses solely on the regions centered at the target person body. Empirically, our method achieves state-of-the-art performance on three large-scale benchmark datasets. A remarkable highlight is that our method achieves an 84.8 mean Average Precision (mAP) on the challenging wrist joint, which significantly outperforms the 81.5 mAP achieved by the current state-of-the-art method on the PoseTrack2017 dataset. Our code has been anonymously released and is available in the supplementary material.

Optimizing Human Pose Estimation through Focused Human and Joint Regions

Efficient tracking has garnered extensive attention as it aims to operate on resource-constrained platforms for real-world deployment, not solely on desktop GPUs. Current efficient trackers mainly follow precision-oriented trackers, adopting a one-stream framework with lightweight modules. However, blindly adhering to the one-stream network may not be optimal for efficient tracking, as incorporating template computation in every frame leads to significant redundancy, and the pervasive semantic interaction between template and search region places substantial stress on edge devices. In this work, we propose a novel asymmetric Siamese tracker named AsymTrack for efficient tracking. AsymTrack disentangles the template and search streams into separate branches, with template computation occurring only once during initialization to generate modulation signals for interaction. Based on this innovative architecture, we devise an efficient template modulation mechanism to inject crucial cues into the search features, and design an object perception enhancement module that integrates abstract semantics and local details to overcome the limited representation in lightweight tracker. Extensive experiments demonstrate that AsymTrack offers superior speed-precision trade-offs across different platforms compared to the current state-of-the-art. For instance, AsymTrack-T achieves 60.8% AUC on LaSOT and 224/81/84 FPS on GPU/CPU/AGX, surpassing HiT-Tiny by 6.0% AUC with higher speeds. Code will be available.

Two-stream Beats One-stream: Asymmetric Siamese Network for Efficient Visual Tracking

High-quality, high-resolution medical imaging is essential for clinical care. Raman-based biomedical optical imaging uses non-ionizing infrared radiation to evaluate human tissues in real time and is used for early cancer detection, brain tumor diagnosis, and intraoperative tissue analysis. Unfortunately, optical imaging is vulnerable to image degradation due to laser scattering and absorption, which can result in diagnostic errors and misguided treatment. Restoration of optical images is a challenging computer vision task because the sources of image degradation are multi-factorial, stochastic, and tissue-dependent, preventing a straightforward method to obtain paired low-quality/high-quality data. Here, we present Restorative Step-Calibrated Diffusion (RSCD): an unpaired diffusion-based image restoration method that uses a step calibrator model to dynamically determine the number of steps required to complete the reverse diffusion process for image restoration. RSCD outperforms other widely used unpaired image restoration methods on both image quality and perceptual evaluation metrics for restoring optical images. Medical imaging experts consistently prefer images restored using RSCD in blinded comparison experiments and report minimal to no hallucinations. Finally, we show that RSCD improves performance on downstream clinical imaging tasks, including automated brain tumor diagnosis and deep tissue imaging.

Step-Calibrated Diffusion for Biomedical Optical Image Restoration

The method for image-to-point cloud registration typically determines the rigid transformation using a coarse-to-fine pipeline. However, directly and uniformly matching image patches with point cloud patches may lead to focusing on incorrect noise patches during matching while ignoring key ones. Moreover, due to the significant differences between image and point cloud modalities, it may be challenging to bridge the domain gap without specific improvements in design. To address the above issues, we innovatively propose the Uncertainty-aware Hierarchical Matching Module (UHMM) and the Adversarial Modal Alignment Module (AMAM). Within the UHMM, we model the uncertainty of critical information in image patches and facilitate multi-level fusion interactions between image and point cloud features. In the AMAM, we design an adversarial approach to reduce the domain gap between image and point cloud. Extensive experiments and ablation studies on RGB-D Scene V2 and 7-Scenes benchmarks demonstrate the superiority of our method, making it a state-of-the-art approach for image-to-point cloud registration tasks. Our code will be released.

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A²RNet: Adversarial Attack Resilient Network for Robust Infrared and Visible Image Fusion

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Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Semantic Segmentation by Content Transfer

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