United States

Many unsupervised visual anomaly detection methods train an auto-encoder to reconstruct normal samples and then leverage the reconstruction error map to detect and localize the anomalies. However, due to the powerful modeling and generalization ability of neural networks, some anomalies can also be well reconstructed, resulting in unsatisfactory detection and localization accuracy. In this paper, a small coarsely-labeled anomaly dataset is first collected. Then, a coarse-knowledge-aware adversarial learning method is developed to align the distribution of reconstructed features with that of normal features. The alignment can effectively suppress the auto-encoder&#39;s reconstruction ability on anomalies and thus improve the detection accuracy. Considering that anomalies often only occupy very small areas in anomalous images, a patch-level adversarial learning strategy is further developed. Although no patch-level anomalous information is available, we rigorously prove that by simply viewing any patch features from anomalous images as anomalies, the proposed knowledge-aware method can also align the distribution of reconstructed patch features with the normal ones. Experimental results on four medical datasets and an industrial dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in improving the detection and localization performance.

AAAI 2025

Boosting Fine-Grained Visual Anomaly Detection with Coarse-Knowledge-Aware Adversarial Learning

adversarial learning robustness

Many unsupervised visual anomaly detection methods train an auto-encoder to reconstruct normal samples and then leverage the reconstruction error map to detect and localize the anomalies. However, due to the powerful modeling and generalization ability of neural networks, some anomalies can also be well reconstructed, resulting in unsatisfactory detection and localization accuracy. In this paper, a small coarsely-labeled anomaly dataset is first collected. Then, a coarse-knowledge-aware adversarial learning method is developed to align the distribution of reconstructed features with that of normal features. The alignment can effectively suppress the auto-encoder's reconstruction ability on anomalies and thus improve the detection accuracy. Considering that anomalies often only occupy very small areas in anomalous images, a patch-level adversarial learning strategy is further developed. Although no patch-level anomalous information is available, we rigorously prove that by simply viewing any patch features from anomalous images as anomalies, the proposed knowledge-aware method can also align the distribution of reconstructed patch features with the normal ones. Experimental results on four medical datasets and an industrial dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in improving the detection and localization performance.

poster

We are pleased to announce the Thirty-Ninth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-25), which will be held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania at the Pennsylvania Convention Center from February 25 to March 4, 2025.

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. AAAI-25 will feature technical paper presentations, special tracks, invited speakers, workshops, tutorials, poster sessions, senior member presentations, competitions, and exhibit programs, and a range of other activities to be announced.

### [Invited Speakers](https://aaai.org/conference/aaai/aaai-25/aaai-25-invited-speakers/)

Register [here](https://aaai.org/conference/aaai/aaai-25/registration/)

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. AAAI-25 will feature technical paper presentations, special tracks, invited speakers, workshops, tutorials, poster sessions, senior member presentations, competitions, and exhibit programs, and a range of other activities to be announced.



Effective urban traffic management is vital for sustainable city development, relying on intelligent systems with machine learning tasks such as traffic flow prediction, travel time estimation and route planning. Traditional approaches usually focus on static road network and trajectory representation learning, and overlook the dynamic nature of traffic states and trajectories, which is crucial for downstream tasks. To address this gap, we propose TRACK, a novel framework to bridge traffic state and trajectory data for dynamic road network and trajectory representation learning. TRACK leverages graph attention networks (GAT) to encode static and spatial road segment features, and introduces a transformer-based model for trajectory representation learning. By incorporating transition probabilities from trajectory data into GAT attention weights, TRACK captures dynamic spatial features of road segments. Meanwhile, TRACK designs a traffic transformer encoder to capture road segment's spatial-temporal dynamics from traffic state data. To further enhance dynamic representations, TRACK proposes a co-attentional transformer encoder with a trajectory-traffic state matching task. Extensive experiments on real-life urban traffic datasets demonstrate the superiority of TRACK over state-of-the-art baselines. Case studies confirm TRACK's ability to capture spatial-temporal dynamics effectively.

Bridging Traffic State and Trajectory for Dynamic Road Network and Trajectory Representation Learning

Deep learning models often suffer from performance degradation in unseen domains,  posing a risk for safety-critical applications such as autonomous driving. To tackle this problem, recent studies have leveraged pre-trained Visual Foundation Models (VFMs) to enhance generalization. However, exsiting works mainly focus on designing intricate networks for VFMs, neglecting  their inherent strong generalization potential. Moreover, these methods typically perform inference on low-resolution images. The loss of detail hinders accurate predictions in unseen domains, especially for small objects. In this paper, we argue that simply fine-tuning VFMs and leveraging high-resolution images unleash the power of VFMs for generalizable semantic segmentation. Therefore, we design a VFM-based segmentation network (VFMNet) that adapts VFMs to this task with minimal fine-tuning, preserving their generalizable knowledge. Then, to fully utilize high-resolution images, we train a Mask-guided Refinement Network (MGRNet) to refine VFMNet's predictions combining detailed image features.  Furthermore, we adopt a two-stage coarse-to-fine inference approach. MGRNet is used to refine the low-confidence regions predicted by VFMNet to obtain fine-grained results. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, outperforming state-of-the-art methods by 3.3\% on the average mIoU in synthetic-to-real domain generalization.

Unleashing the Power of Visual Foundation Models for Generalizable Semantic Segmentation

Cooperatively utilizing both ego-vehicle and infrastructure sensor data via V2X communication has emerged as a promising approach for advanced autonomous driving. However, current research mainly focuses on improving individual modules, rather than taking end-to-end learning to optimize final planning performance, resulting in underutilized data potential. In this paper, we introduce UniV2X, a pioneering cooperative autonomous driving framework that seamlessly integrates all key driving modules across diverse views into a unified network. We propose a sparse-dense hybrid data transmission and fusion mechanism for effective vehicle-infrastructure cooperation, offering three advantages: 1) Effective for simultaneously enhancing agent perception, online mapping, and occupancy prediction, ultimately improving planning performance. 2) Transmission-friendly for practical and limited communication conditions. 3) Reliable data fusion with interpretability of this hybrid data. We implement UniV2X, as well as reproducing several benchmark methods, on the challenging DAIR-V2X, the real-world cooperative driving dataset. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of UniV2X in significantly enhancing planning performance, as well as all intermediate output performance. Code is provided in the supplementary materials.

End-to-End Autonomous Driving through V2X Cooperation

As data and computational resources continue to expand, incorporating a variety of knowledge during the pre-training phase enhances large models, providing them with strong zero-shot capabilities. Due to the alignment of modal features by visual language models, zero-shot image captioning no longer necessitates pre-training on paired image-text labeled data, enabling accurate text description generation for images not encountered before. While recent research focuses on methods utilizing entity retrieval as anchors to bridge the gap between different modalities, these approaches often fall short of thoroughly analyzing the impact of entity retrieval recall on the zero-shot generation capabilities. To address this issue, we propose MERCap, a zero-shot image captioning method employing Multi-type Entity representation Retrieval.  More specifically, we first approximate image representation using the CLIP representation of text and Gaussian noise to address the modality gap. Then, we train a GPT-2 decoder to reconstruct text using entities as hard prompts and CLIP representations as soft prompts. Additionally, we construct a domain-specific entity set, assigning multiple representations to each entity and refining their representation vectors through contrastive learning. During inference, we retrieve entities and input them into the decoder to generate corresponding captions. Extensive experiments validate that our approach is efficient, achieving a new state-of-the-art level in cross-domain captioning and demonstrating strong competitiveness in in-domain captioning compared to existing methods.

Zero-Shot Image Captioning with Multi-type Entity Representations

In the rapidly developing field of automatic text generation and understanding, the quality of input data has been shown to be a key factor affecting the efficiency and accuracy of large language model (LLM) output. With the advent of advanced tools such as ChatGPT, input refinement work has mainly focused on prompt engineering. However, existing methods are often too dependent on specific contexts and are easily affected by individual expert experience and potential biases, limiting their wide applicability in diverse real-world applications. To address this problem, this study develops an Reinforced Token-Level Input Refinement, called RTLIR. We choose to optimize the input data at the fine-grained level of tokens, cleverly preserving the original text structure. Operationally, each state is defined by the token set of the current text, and each action is a binary decision process to decide whether to retain a specific token information. The agent automatically calculates and determines the selection proba- bility of each token based on the current state, thereby opti- mizing the entire decision process. Through continuous exploration and learning, the agent can autonomously learn to identify the key inputs that have the greatest impact on the generation results and achieve refinement of the input data. In addition, we encapsulate RTLIR as a modular function that can be widely applied to various tasks and models, providing plug-and-play functionality. Experimental results show that RTLIR improves the performance of LLM in various input scenarios and tasks, with an average accuracy increase of 6%.

Beyond Prompt Engineering: A Reinforced Token-Level Input Refinement for Large Language Models

Federated Learning (FL) has received much attention in recent years. However, although clients are not required to share their data in FL, the global model itself can implicitly remember clients' local data. Therefore, it’s necessary to effectively remove the target client's data from the FL global model to ease the risk of privacy leakage and implement ``the right to be forgotten". Federated Unlearning (FU) has been considered a promising solution to remove data without full retraining. But the model utility easily suffers significant reduction during unlearning due to the gradient conflicts. Furthermore, when conducting the post-training to recovery the model utility, it’s prone to move back and revert what have already been unlearned. To address these issues, we propose Federated Unlearning with Orthogonal Steepest Descent (FedOSD). We first design an unlearning cross entropy loss to overcome the convergence issue of the gradient ascent. A steepest descent direction for unlearning is then calculated in the condition of being non-conflicting with other clients’ gradients and closest to the target client's gradient. This benefits to efficiently unlearn and mitigate the model utility reduction. After unlearning, we recover the model utility by maintaining the achievement of unlearning. Finally, extensive experiments in several FL scenarios verify that FedOSD outperforms the SOTA FU algorithms in terms of unlearning and the model utility.

Federated Unlearning with Gradient Descent and Conflict Mitigation

Predicting unknown drug-drug interactions (DDIs) is crucial for improving medication safety. Previous efforts in DDI prediction have typically focused on binary classification or predicting DDI categories, with the absence of explanatory insights that could enhance trust in these predictions. In this work, we propose to generate natural language explanations for DDI predictions, enabling the model to reveal the underlying pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics mechanisms simultaneously as making the prediction. To do this, we have collected DDI explanations from DDInter and DrugBank and developed various models for extensive experiments and analysis. Our models can provide accurate explanations for unknown DDIs between known drugs. This paper contributes new tools to the field of DDI prediction and lays a solid foundation for further research on generating explanations for DDI predictions.

ExDDI: Explaining Drug-Drug Interaction Predictions with Natural Language

Multivariate Time Series Classification (MTSC) is crucial in extensive practical applications, such as environmental monitoring, medical EEG analysis, and action recognition. Real-world time series datasets typically exhibit complex dynamics. To capture this complexity, RNN-based, CNN-based, Transformer-based, and hybrid models have been proposed. Unfortunately, current deep learning-based methods often neglect the simultaneous construction of local features and global dependencies at different time scales, lacking sufficient feature extraction capabilities to achieve satisfactory classification accuracy. To address these challenges, we propose a novel Multiscale Periodic Time Series Network (MPTSNet), which integrates multiscale local patterns and global correlations to fully exploit the inherent information in time series. Recognizing the multi-periodicity and complex variable correlations in time series, we use the Fourier transform to extract primary periods, enabling us to decompose data into multiscale periodic segments. Leveraging the inherent strengths of CNN and attention mechanism, we introduce the PeriodicBlock, which adaptively captures local patterns and global dependencies while offering enhanced interpretability through attention integration across different periodic scales. The experiments on UEA benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed MPTSNet outperforms 21 existing advanced baselines in the MTSC tasks.

MPTSNet: Integrating Multiscale Periodic Local Patterns and Global Dependencies for Multivariate Time Series Classification

Sequential recommendation aims to capture the temporal dependencies of items in a user's historical interactions and make recommendations based on this. Previous generative methods addressed the issue of data not directly reflecting user preference uncertainty by modeling the distribution of latent item representations. Diffusion model (DM)-based methods have achieved significant success due to their high-quality distribution generation and stable training. However, they lack satisfactory user sequence representations to guide the generation process, impacting recommendation performance. Moreover, these methods overlook the drawback of slow inference speed, severely limiting their practical value. To obtain effective generative guidance signals and accelerate the recommendation process, we propose DAE4Rec. In this approach, a Graph Autoencoder (GAE) is used to obtain interpretable item node representations, revealing global transitions of items that previous methods struggled to uncover. Then, use it to construct a generative guidance signal with lower coupling and variance for the diffusion model. Additionally, by employing a non-Markov chain derived from the forward diffusion process, it is the first to implement a 'skip-step' reverse diffusion process in diffusion model-based methods. And a creatively designed compensator is used to bridge the performance gap caused by 'skip-step'. Extensive experiments on three real-world datasets demonstrate that DAE4Rec outperforms other state-of-the-art generative sequential recommenders.

Enhancing Diffusion Model with Auxiliary Information Mining-Exploration and Efficient Sampling Mechanism for Sequential Recommendation

Smart contracts, closely intertwined with cryptocurrency transactions, have sparked widespread concerns about considerable
financial losses of security issues. To counteract this, a variety of tools have been developed to identify vulnerability
in smart contract. However, they fail to overcome two challenges at the same time when faced with smart contract
bytecode: (i) strong interference caused by enormous non-relevant instructions; (ii) missing semantics of bytecode
due to incomplete data and control flow dependencies. In this paper, we propose a multi-teacher based bytecode vulnerability
detection method, namely Multi-Teacher Vulnerability Hunter (MTVHunter), which delivers effective denoising
and missing semantic to bytecode under multi-teacher guidance. Specifically, we first propose an instruction denoising
teacher to eliminate noise interference by abstract vulnerability pattern and further reflect in contract embeddings. Secondly,
we design a novel semantic complementary teacher with neuron distillation, which effectively extracts necessary
semantic from source code to replenish the bytecode. Particularly, the proposed neuron distillation accelerate this semantic filling by turning the knowledge transition into a regression task. We conduct experiments on 229,178 real-world smart contracts that concerns four types of common vulnerabilities.
Extensive experiments show MTVHunter achieves significantly
performance gains over state-of-the-art approaches.

Downloads

Next from AAAI 2025

Bridging Traffic State and Trajectory for Dynamic Road Network and Trajectory Representation Learning

Stay up to date with the latest Underline news!

PRESENTATIONS

CONFERENCES

COMPANY

RESOURCES

.css-70qvj9{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}Downloads

Next from AAAI 2025

Bridging Traffic State and Trajectory for Dynamic Road Network and Trajectory Representation Learning

Stay up to date with the latest Underline news!

PRESENTATIONS

CONFERENCES

COMPANY

RESOURCES

Downloads