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Probability calibration transforms raw output of a classification model into empirically interpretable probability. When the model is purposed to detect rare event and only a small expensive data source has clean labels, it becomes extraordinarily challenging to obtain accurate probability calibration. Utilizing an additional large cheap data source is very helpful, however, such data sources oftentimes suffer from biased labels. To this end, we introduce an approximate expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm to extract useful information from the large data sources. For a family of calibration methods based on the logistic likelihood, we derive closed-form updates and call the resulting iterative algorithm CalEM. We shpw that CalEM inherits convergence guarantees from the approximate EM algorithm. We test the proposed model in simulation and on the marketing uplift dataset, where it shows significant performance increases.

AAAI 2025

Improving Model Probability Calibration by Integration of Large Data Sources with Biased Labels

quantification

uncertainty

calibration

poster

We are pleased to announce the Thirty-Ninth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-25), which will be held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania at the Pennsylvania Convention Center from February 25 to March 4, 2025.

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. AAAI-25 will feature technical paper presentations, special tracks, invited speakers, workshops, tutorials, poster sessions, senior member presentations, competitions, and exhibit programs, and a range of other activities to be announced.

### [Invited Speakers](https://aaai.org/conference/aaai/aaai-25/aaai-25-invited-speakers/)

Register [here](https://aaai.org/conference/aaai/aaai-25/registration/)

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. AAAI-25 will feature technical paper presentations, special tracks, invited speakers, workshops, tutorials, poster sessions, senior member presentations, competitions, and exhibit programs, and a range of other activities to be announced.



A recent endeavor in one class of video anomaly detection is to leverage diffusion models and posit the task as a generation problem, where the diffusion model is trained to recover normal patterns exclusively, thus reporting abnormal patterns as outliers. Yet, existing attempts neglect the various formations of anomaly and predict normal samples at the feature level regardless that abnormal objects in surveillance videos are often relatively small.
To address this, a novel patch-based diffusion model is proposed, specifically engineered to capture fine-grained local information. We further observe that anomalies in videos manifest themselves as deviations in both appearance and motion. Therefore, we argue that a comprehensive solution must consider both of these aspects simultaneously to achieve accurate frame prediction. To address this, we introduce innovative motion and appearance conditions that are seamlessly integrated into our patch diffusion model. These conditions are designed to guide the model in generating coherent and contextually appropriate predictions for both semantic content and motion relations. Experimental results on four challenging video anomaly detection datasets empirically substantiate the efficacy of our proposed approach, demonstrating that it consistently outperforms most existing methods in detecting abnormal behaviors.

Video Anomaly Detection with Motion and Appearance Guided Patch Diffusion Model

Noisy labels can negatively impact deep neural network performance. One common solution is label refurbishment, which involves reconstructing noisy labels through predictions and distributions. However, these methods may introduce problematic semantic associations, a phenomenon we identify as Semantic Contamination. Through an analysis of Robust LR, a representative label refurbishment method, we found that utilizing the logits of views for refurbishment does not adequately balance the semantic information of individual classes. Conversely, using the logits of models fails to maintain consistent semantic relationships across models, which explains why label refurbishment methods frequently encounter issues related to Semantic Contamination. To address this issue, we propose a novel method called Collaborative Cross Learning, which utilizes semi-supervised learning on refurbished labels to extract appropriate semantic associations from embeddings across views and models. Experimental results show that our method outperforms existing approaches on both synthetic and real-world noisy datasets, effectively mitigating the impact of label noise and Semantic Contamination.

Combating Semantic Contamination in Learning with Label Noise

Current multimodal sentiment analysis (MSA) and emotion recognition in conversations (ERC) methods based on pre-trained language models exhibit two primary limitations:
1) Once trained for MSA and ERC tasks, these pre-trained language models lose their original generalized capabilities. 2) They demand considerable computational resources.  As the size of pre-trained language models continues to grow, training larger multimodal sentiment analysis models using previous approaches could result in unnecessary computational cost.  In response to this challenge, we propose Multimodal Sentiment Analysis and Emotion Recognition Adapter (MSE-Adapter), a lightweight and adaptable plugin. This plugin enables a large language model (LLM) to carry out MSA or ERC tasks with minimal computational overhead (only introduces approximately 2.6M to 2.8M trainable parameters upon the 6/7B models),  while preserving the intrinsic capabilities of the LLM. In the MSE-Adapter, the Text-Guide-Mixer (TGM) module is introduced to establish explicit connections between non-textual and textual modalities through the Hadamard product. This allows non-textual modalities to better align with textual modalities at the feature level, promoting the generation of higher-quality pseudo tokens. Extensive experiments were conducted on four public English and Chinese datasets using consumer-grade GPUs and open-source LLMs (Qwen-1.8B, ChatGLM3-6B-base, and LLaMA2-7B) as the backbone. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed plugin. The code will be released on GitHub after a blind review.

MSE-Adapter: A Lightweight Plugin Endowing LLMs with the Capability to Perform Multimodal Sentiment Analysis and Emotion Recognition

The strength of multimodal learning lies in its ability to integrate information from various sources, providing rich and comprehensive insights. However, in real-world scenarios, multi-modal systems often face the challenge of dynamic modality contributions, the dominance of different modalities may change with the environments, leading to suboptimal performance in multimodal learning. Current methods mainly enhance weak modalities to balance multimodal representation bias, which inevitably optimizes from a partial modality perspective, easily leading to performance descending for dominant modalities. To address this problem, we propose an Asymmetric Reinforcing method against Multimodal Representation bias (ARMR). Our ARMR dynamically reinforces on the weak modalities while maintaining the representation ability of dominant modalities through condition mutual information. Moreover, we first provide an in-depth analysis that optimizing certain modalities could cause information loss and prevent leveraging the full advantages of multimodal data. By exploring the dominance and narrowing the contribution gaps between modalities, we have significantly improved the performance of multimodal learning, making notable progress in mitigating imbalanced multimodal cooperation.

Asymmetric Reinforcing against Multi-modal Representation Bias

Neural implicit representations have shown remarkable abilities in jointly modeling geometry, color, and camera poses in simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). Current methods use coordinates, positional encodings, or other geometry features as input to query neural implicits for signed distances and color which produce rendering errors to drive the optimization in overfitting image observations. However, due to the run time efficiency requirement in SLAM, we are merely allowed to conduct optimization on each frame in few iterations, which is far from enough for neural networks to overfit these queries. The underfitting usually results in severe drifts in camera tracking and artifacts in reconstruction. To resolve this issue, we propose query quantized neural SLAM which uses quantized queries to reduce variations of input for much easier and faster overfitting a frame. To this end, we quantize a query into a discrete representation with a set of codes, only allow neural networks to observe a finite number of variations. This makes neural networks get more and more familiar to these codes after overfitting more and more previous frames. Moreover, we also introduce novel initialization, losses, and argumentation to stabilize the optimization with huge uncertainty in the early optimization, constrain the optimization space, and estimate camera poses more accurately. We justify the effectiveness of each design and report visual and numerical comparisons on widely used benchmarks to show our superiority over the latest methods in both reconstruction and camera tracking.

Query Quantized Neural SLAM

With the explosive growth of deep learning applications, the right to be forgotten has been required unprecedentedly in various AI industries. For example, given a facial recognition system, some individuals may wish to remove images that might have been used in the training phase from the trained model. Unfortunately, modern deep neural networks sometimes unexpectedly leak personal identities.
Recent studies have presented various machine unlearning algorithms to make a trained model unlearn the data to be forgotten. 
While these methods generally perform well in terms of forgetting scores, we have found that an unexpected model utility drop can occur. This phenomenon, which we term correlation collapse, happens when the machine unlearning algorithms reduce the useful correlation between image features and the true label. To address this challenge, we propose Distribution-Level Feature Distancing (DLFD), a novel method that efficiently forgets instances while preventing correlation collapse. Our method synthesizes data samples so that the generated data distribution is far from the distribution of samples being forgotten in the feature space, achieving significant results even within a single training epoch. Through extensive experiments on facial recognition datasets, we demonstrate that our approach significantly outperforms state-of-the-art machine unlearning methods. All datasets and codes will be publicly available upon acceptance of the paper. All datasets and codes are publicly available after they are accepted.

Distribution-Level Feature Distancing for Machine Unlearning: Towards a Better Trade-off Between Model Utility and Forgetting

Novel class discovery(NCD) aims to cluster the unlabeled data with the help of a labeled set containing different but related classes. The key to solving NCD is the knowledge transfer between labeled and unlabeled sets. Since NCD requires that known classes and unknown classes are related, it is significant to explore class-level relationships between known and unknown for more effective knowledge transfer. However, most existing methods either facilitate knowledge transfer by learning a shared representation space or by modeling coarse-grained or asymmetric relationships between known and unknown, neglecting class-level relationships emphasized by NCD. To tackle these challenges, we propose a symmetric class-to-class relationship modeling and knowledge transfer method, achieving bidirectional knowledge transfer at class-level. While class-level modeling is essential for refining class prototypes, it often overlooks the subtle distinctions between samples. To capture these fine-grained distinctions, we propose pairwise similarity-based instance-level relationship modeling and consistency constraint for knowledge transfer. Extensive experiments on CIFAR100 benchmark and three fine-grained datasets demonstrate that our method can achieve significant performance improvements compared to state-of-the-art methods.

Joint Class-level and Instance-level Relationship Modeling for Novel Class Discovery

Blind-spot networks (BSN) have been prevalent neural architectures in self-supervised image denoising (SSID). However, most existing BSNs are conducted with convolution layers. Although transformers have shown the potential to overcome the limitations of convolutions in many image restoration tasks, the attention mechanisms may violate the blind-spot requirement, thereby restricting their applicability in BSN. To this end, we propose to analyze and redesign the channel and spatial attentions to meet the blind-spot requirement. Specifically, channel self-attention may leak the blind-spot information in multi-scale architectures, since the downsampling shuffles the spatial feature into channel dimensions. To alleviate this problem, we divide the channel into several groups and perform channel attention separately. For spatial self-attention, we apply an elaborate mask to the attention matrix to restrict and mimic the receptive field of dilated convolution. Based on the redesigned channel and window attentions, we build a Transformer-based Blind-Spot Network (TBSN), which shows strong local fitting and global perspective abilities. Furthermore, we introduce a knowledge distillation strategy that distills TBSN into smaller denoisers to improve computational efficiency while maintaining performance. Extensive experiments on real-world image denoising datasets show that TBSN largely extends the receptive field and exhibits favorable performance against state-of-the-art SSID methods. The code and pre-trained models will be publicly available.

Rethinking Transformer-Based Blind-Spot Network for Self-Supervised Image Denoising

Recent studies showed that the generalization of neural networks is correlated with the sharpness of the loss landscape and flat minima suggests a better generalization ability than sharp minima. In this paper, we propose a novel method called \emph{optimum shifting}, which changes the parameters of a neural network from a sharp minimum to a flatter one while maintaining the same training loss value. Our method is based on the observation that when the input and output of a neural network are fixed, the matrix multiplications within the network can be treated as systems of under-determined linear equations, enabling adjustment of parameters in the solution space, which can be simply accomplished by solving a constrained optimization problem. Furthermore, we introduce a practical stochastic optimum shifting technique utilizing the neural collapse theory to reduce computational costs and provide more degrees of freedom for optimum shifting. Extensive experiments with various deep neural network architectures on benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.

Improving Generalization of Deep Neural Networks by Optimum Shifting

Model extraction attacks are one type of inference-time attacks that approximate the functionality and performance of a black-box victim model by launching a certain number of queries to the model and then leveraging the model's predictions to train a substitute model. 
These attacks pose severe security threats to production models and MLaaS platforms and could cause significant monetary losses to the model owners. 
A body of work has proposed to defend machine learning models against model extraction attacks, including both active defense methods that modify the model's outputs or increase the query overhead to avoid extraction and passive defense methods that detect malicious queries or leverage watermarks to perform post-verification.
In this work, we introduce a new defense paradigm called attack as defense which modifies the model's output to be poisonous such that any malicious users that attempt to use the output to train a substitute model will be poisoned. 
To this end, we propose a novel lightweight backdoor attack method dubbed HoneypotNet that replaces the classification layer of the victim model with a honeypot layer and then finetunes the honeypot layer with a shadow model (to simulate model extraction) via bi-level optimization to modify its output to be poisonous while remaining the original performance. 
We empirically demonstrate on four commonly used benchmark datasets that HoneypotNet can inject backdoors into substitute models with a high success rate. 
The injected backdoor not only facilitates ownership verification but also disrupts the functionality of substitute models, serving as a significant deterrent to model extraction attacks.

Improving Model Probability Calibration by Integration of Large Data Sources with Biased Labels

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Video Anomaly Detection with Motion and Appearance Guided Patch Diffusion Model

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Improving Model Probability Calibration by Integration of Large Data Sources with Biased Labels

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Next from AAAI 2025

Video Anomaly Detection with Motion and Appearance Guided Patch Diffusion Model

Stay up to date with the latest Underline news!

PRESENTATIONS

CONFERENCES

COMPANY

RESOURCES

Downloads