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Diabetic Striatopathy in an Elderly Female
Abstract Title: Unique Presentation of Diabetic Striatopathy in an Elderly Female Background: Diabetic striatopathy (DS), also known as hyperglycemic chorea-ballism or nonketotic hyperglycemic hemichorea-hemiballism, is a rare neurological complication predominantly seen in individuals with type 2 diabetes experiencing poorly controlled hyperglycemia. Radiologically, DS is identified by specific hyperintensities in the basal ganglia on T1-weighted MRI, and striatal hyperdensity on CT scan; a hallmark of the disease's impact on central nervous system function. Management of DS primarily focuses on rapid correction of hyperglycemia and symptomatic control of chorea. Despite strict glucose control, recurrence rates have shown to be 18.2%, making the timely diagnosis of DS a crucial component in patient management. Case Presentation: This report is based upon the clinical case of a 79-year-old female with a medical history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and dementia who presented to the emergency department (ED) with altered mental status displaying confusion, but no evidence of chorea. Preliminary workup was performed in the ED and was significant for mild tachycardia, tachypnea, and elevated blood pressure. Pertinent laboratory findings revealed hyponatremia of 130 mEq/L, hyperkalemia of 6.5mEq/L, hypocarbia with CO2 of 8mEq/L, increased anion gap of 29, elevated glucose of 796 mg/dL, increased blood urea nitrogen and creatinine of 67 mg/dL and 2.7 mg/dL. Furthermore, brain CT was performed and revealed an acute left basal ganglia hemorrhage. The patient was first admitted to the intensive care unit and then stabilized and moved to the neurological step-down unit. Repeat brain CT confirmed the diagnosis of diabetic striatopathy. Lantus was initially administered aggressively to achieve rapid glucose control and was titrated down by 5 units nightly until appropriate serum glucose was achieved. In addition, the patient was started on Glipizide, Metformin, and 10 units of Humalog sliding scale as needed. The patient's blood glucose levels showed impressive improvement during the course of her hospitalization. She was hospitalized for 10 days and her condition gradually improved. Discussion: This case is a unique presentation of DS in an elderly patient with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus. Awareness of the risk factors and clinical manifestations of DS is vital for accurate assessment and effective management. Furthermore, given the likelihood of recurrence, documenting a prior diagnosis of DS is imperative for optimizing future care in patients with a history of DS.