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Retrospective Analysis of Pediatrician Referral Patterns for Selective Mutism Intervention: Unveiling Silent Echoes in Clinical Practice
Selective mutism (SM), categorized under anxiety disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), presents challenges in timely identification and treatment, which is especially crucial for pediatricians as early intervention can significantly improve a child’s social and emotional development. SM is characterized by a child’s inability to speak in certain situations but speaks adequately in other settings. While recorded SM diagnoses may not be largely prevalent within the US, affecting approximately 0.2-1.6% of people. SM's significance lies in its potential impact on a child's social, academic, and emotional well-being. This retrospective observational study explores pediatrician referrals to a specialized program for adolescents with SM, aiming to address awareness gaps and improve early intervention. Findings reveal a notable 11.5% contribution from pediatricians, compared to the other referring parties-- searching online (33.7%), other (32.6%), psychologist (8.6%), friend (8.5%), other therapist (4.6%), and recruitment event (0.5%)--emphasizing the need for targeted clinician awareness initiatives. Recognizing the potential benefits of early intervention, this research underscores the importance of collaborative efforts, education, and specialized programs in enhancing referral patterns by pediatricians for improved outcomes in selective mutism, as children are more likely to see their pediatrician before any of the other previously listed referral parties. The study acknowledges limitations in its design and suggests avenues for future research to explore factors influencing clinician awareness and the long-term outcomes of early SM treatment.