Today’s deeply embedded systems, with real-time interactions to the environment, are largely battery-operated, and peripheral modules like LTE, WiFi, and GPS are among the most energy-hungry components of them. These components are often under the direct control of an embedded software. Some pieces of the software program are called energy hotspots if they can be transformed towards better system energy consumption while leaving it logically- and temporally-correct. This paper focuses on three such energy hotspots from the peripheral module perspective. The root causes of the hotspots in the software program are misplaced driver calls: Early acquiring or late releasing of the module causes it to waste energy in the active state, having unnecessary distance between the use operations causes extra tail energy overhead, and unaccounted releasing and re-acquiring of the module causes more energy consumption in comparison to leaving the module unreleased. We provide static analysis methods for the detection and elimination of such energy hotspots automatically with regard to some relations between temporal requirements of the real-time embedded software, the time and energy specifications of the module, and the extreme (worst-case/best-case) execution times of specific pieces of the software program. Our simulation results show about 4.7 to 20 percent of energy reductions after elimination of the energy hotspots of the test programs using our proposed method.

Automatic Energy-Hotspot Detection and Elimination in Real-Time Deeply Embedded Systems,

**Session chair:** Björn Brandenburg

- 25 min: [**(Outstanding Paper) Automatic Energy-Hotspot Detection and Elimination in Real-Time Deeply Embedded Systems**](https://conferences.computer.org/rtsspub/pdfs/RTSS2021-23beZleJJDdiozCiQ9rzXD/280200a097/280200a097.pdf), *Mohsen Shekarisaz, Lothar Thiele and Mehdi Kargahi*
- 25 min: [**HIART-MCS: High Resilience and Approximated Computing Architecture for Imprecise Mixed-Criticality Systems**](https://conferences.computer.org/rtsspub/pdfs/RTSS2021-23beZleJJDdiozCiQ9rzXD/280200a290/280200a290.pdf), *Zhe Jiang, Xiaotian Dai and Neil Audsley*
- 25 min: [**(Outstanding Paper) Speculative Execution and Timing Predictability in an Open Source RISC-V Core**](https://conferences.computer.org/rtsspub/pdfs/RTSS2021-23beZleJJDdiozCiQ9rzXD/280200a393/280200a393.pdf), *Alban Gruin, Thomas Carle, Hugues Cassé and Christine Rochange*
- 5 min: [**(WiP) Reinforcement Learning-based DAG Scheduling Algorithm in Clustered Many-Core Platform**](https://conferences.computer.org/rtsspub/pdfs/RTSS2021-23beZleJJDdiozCiQ9rzXD/280200a548/280200a548.pdf), *Atsushi Yano and Takuya Azumi*
- 5 min: [**(WiP) Models and tools to detect Real-Time Scheduling Anomalies**](https://conferences.computer.org/rtsspub/pdfs/RTSS2021-23beZleJJDdiozCiQ9rzXD/280200a540/280200a540.pdf), *Blandine Djika, Singhoff Frank, Alain Plantec and Georges Edouard Kouamou*
- 5 min: [**(WaP) Reconstruction of Traffic Flow Dynamics Data Obtained from Intelligent Real-Time Systems**](https://tu-dortmund.sciebo.de/s/TxjiW7c17QMw5WK), *Marina Yashina, Alexander Tatashev and Ivan Kuteynikov*
- 5 min: [**(WaP) Supporting Non-blocking Frame-Preemption in TSN Networks**](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383762121000382), *Mohammad Ashjaei, Mikael Sjodin and Saad Mubeen*



1.12 - HW Support and Design + 4BPs

technical paper

 **RTSS 2021** has successfully concluded. Hope you have enjoyed it, and look forward to seeing you next year in person.
    Announcement for the Awards:
 * Best Paper Award goes to: Monte Carlo Response-Time Analysis, Sergey Bozhko, Georg von der Brüggen, and Björn Brandenburg
 * Best Student Paper Award goes to: Automatic Energy-Hotspot Detection and Elimination in Real-Time Deeply Embedded Systems, Mohsen Shekarisaz, Lothar Thiele, and Mehdi Kargahi.
 * Best Solution Award for Industry Session goes to: Toward Real-Time Guaranteed Scheduling for Autonomous Driving Systems. Jinghao Sun, Tianyi Wang, Kailu Duan, Bin Lu, Jiankang Ren, Zhishan Guo, and Guozhen Tan.



IEEE RTSS 2021

The IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS) is the premier conference in the field of real-time systems, and is a venue for researchers and practitioners to showcase innovations covering all aspects of real-time systems, including theory, design, analysis, implementation, evaluation, and experience. 

Mehdi Kargahi

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Automatic Energy-Hotspot Detection and Elimination in Real-Time Deeply Embedded Systems,

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