Therapy Techniques for Speech Sound Disorders Associated with Repaired Cleft Palate

The diagnosis of concussion remains challenging, particularly in cases where several months have passed between a head injury and clinical assessment. Tracking multiple moving objects in three-dimensional (3D) space engages many of the same cognitive processes that are affected by concussion, a form of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), suggesting that tests of 3D multiple object tracking (3D-MOT) may be sensitive to post-concussion syndrome after a brain injury has occurred. To test this, we evaluated 3D-MOT performance (using NeuroTrackerTM) against Sports Concussion Assessment Tool results for cognition, balance, and symptom severity in a large sample (N = 457) of male and female participants between the ages of 6 to 73. 3D-MOT performance in subjects under age 13 was not impaired by a history of concussion, but was positively associated with cognition and balance. 3D-MOT performance in those 13 and older was negatively associated with concussion symptom severity, and positively associated with cognition and balance. 3D-MOT was selectively impaired in subjects with probable post-concussion syndrome (pPCS), defined using the 95th percentile of symptom severity for subjects with no history of concussion. A decision tree predicted concussion status with 95.2% overall test accuracy (91.1% sensitivity, 97.8% specificity) using concussion history, age, and 3D-MOT score. Individuals with a history of concussion in the past 37 days were predicted to have pPCS if they were age 35 or older, or if they were under age 35 but achieved scores below 1.2 on the 3D-MOT. These results demonstrate the potential of 3D-MOT for pPCS diagnosis, and highlight the increased vulnerability to concussion symptoms that comes with age.

Multiple object tracking scores predict post-concussion status years after mild traumatic brain injury

Novel neuroimaging biomarkers are urgently being sought to characterize early changes to the brain in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), typically a precursor to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). As the hippocampus is a critical site of AD pathogenesis that underlies principal symptoms of memory impairment, numerous studies have utilized multiple imaging modalities to characterize hippocampal integrity. The purpose of this study was to utilize a wide range of neuroimaging techniques to determine which measures were the most sensitive in detecting differences in hippocampal integrity between cognitively healthy older adults (OA) and those with amnestic MCI. We used a multimodal neuroimaging approach consisting of measures of hippocampal viscoelasticity, volume, perfusion, and diffusion – including neurite orientation and dispersion density imaging (NODDI) metrics – resulting in a total of twelve separate measures of hippocampal health. We recruited 23 OA and 7 MCI participants. A binomial logistical regression was performed to establish the effect of the 12 hippocampal measures on the likelihood of an MCI diagnosis. We also assessed the odds ratio as a measure of effect size. The full model correctly classified 92% of cases. Viscoelastic damping ratio (DR) from MRE was 27% higher in the MCI group and was the only significant predictor in differentiating between OA and MCI (p=0.024). The significant relationship between MCI status and DR (B=0.911, S.E.=0.404, after adjusting for age and sex) suggests that for every 0.01 increase in DR, the likelihood of having MCI is 2.49 times higher. No other hippocampal measures were significant predictors in the model, although hippocampal volume was close to approaching significance (p=0.056). Viscoelastic damping ratio of the hippocampus was the only significant predictor of MCI. This suggests that MRE measures of viscoelasticity may provide a unique and highly sensitive biophysical signature of hippocampal health relevant to microstructural changes that are expected to occur in MCI.

Multimodal Characterization of Hippocampal Integrity in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Combining Volumetry, Diffusion, Perfusion, and Viscoelasticity from Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Therapy Techniques for Speech Sound Disorders Associated with Repaired Cleft Palate

Multiple object tracking scores predict post-concussion status years after mild traumatic brain injury

Multimodal Characterization of Hippocampal Integrity in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Combining Volumetry, Diffusion, Perfusion, and Viscoelasticity from Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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