Recent anthropological work has stressed how fundamental mobility is to the human condition. People move in all kinds of ways for all kinds of reasons. Even in the most sedentary societies there is often great mobility: young men move for trade and war and sometimes marriage; young women move for trade and marriage and sometimes war. In other societies, movement is more endemic and expanding. The conventional categories for all this mobility tend to distinguish movement as temporary or permanent, but the truth often lies in between. There are also conventional categories for the reasons for mobility•particularly economic versus sociopolitical and forced versus voluntary•but once again the truth often lies in between. The complexities of migration are even more forbidding when we remember that mobility is not only an aspect of individual lives but of family and group lives over multiple generations. As they move through space, migrants also move through analytic and legal categories that are anchored in a range of political and cultural contexts: their home country, their destination country, all the places in between, and an international regime that sometimes aids and sometimes hinders their movement. This makes human mobility a difficult topic in general, but particularly for an anthropology of policy. How do we analyze in an academic manner this intertwining of culture, politics, and policy in local, national, and transnational contexts? How do we also aim for more instrumental goals, such as a rational policy model that is more inclusive of the range and complexity of human mobility? Furthermore, how do we balance unpacking policy for analytic purposes and repacking it for instrumental ones? The panelists in this session address this conundrum for a range of migrants and a range of contexts in which policy about migrants is formulated, implemented, and assessed. The range of migrants discussed in the panel is great: from high-skilled migrants, to refugees, to deportees, to undocumented border-crossers, to people who are treated as migrants even when they are not. The range of issues faced by the migrants is also great: from how to obtain entry, to social inclusion or hostility on arrival, to zones of exclusion after entry in which even legally established rights are frequently abridged. As well, the contexts in which anthropologists must work are subject to rapid change because of political tumult (as with Donald Trump) or with unexpected social conditions (as with Covid-19). Those contexts (and their frequent changes) affect migrants but also affect how anthropologist engage with migrants and with migration policy. Anthropologists must learn from migrants how migration works on the ground, but also how to explain to migrants how formal migration policy is intended to work. They must learn how to engage within the migration system on behalf of migrants but also how to contest that system from the outside. For anthropologists involved in migration culture, policy, and politics, the truths and obligations are inevitably both of understanding and action.

Migration: Culture, Politics, and Policy

In the age of the COIVD-19 pandemic, a newfound importance has been placed on washing your hands . People use their hands to interact with the environment and their bodies. This leads to circumstances in which people can easily transfer bacteria from common surfaces to their eyes, mouths, noses and become sick. If people knew what kinds of bacteria are present on common surfaces, they would become more mindful of washing their hands more regularly. We cultured bacteria from various common surfaces and identified the bacteria found on them.

What’s That on Your Hand?: A Bacterial Scavenger Hunt to Identify Microbes on Common Surfaces

Investigating Environmental Parameters, Total Bacteria and Vibrio spp. in Slaughter Beach, Delaware Devotha Tumushimiyimana1, Rosemary Ebirim2, Michael Watson3, Gary Richards3, Ph.D., Wilbert Long1, Ph.D, and Gulnihal Ozbay1,2, Ph.D. 1Food Science and Biotechnology Graduate Program, Human Ecology Department, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 2Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 3USDA-ARS, Center of Excellence, Delaware State University, Dover, DE Vibrio are members of the Vibrionaceae family are Gram- negative rod -shaped heterotrophic bacteria that are present in diverse array of aquatic environments including oligohaline, and polyhaline water. Vibrio species present in the aquatic environment common to human pathogens are V. vulnificus, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. cholera, and cause wound infections, and gastro- intestinal disease. Other vibrio such as V. coralliilyticus, and V. tubiashii have been known as shellfish pathogens. This research is seeking to know if there are potential risks such as Vibrio spp. for juvenile oysters to grow in Slaughter Beach, if water from Slaughter Beach is suitable to establish an oyster production hatchery, and if Slaughter Beach has potential risks for human pathogenic Vibrio. The four species that are being studied include V. vulnificus, V. parahaemolyticus, V. coralliilyticus, and V. tubiashii. The objectives of this study are to evaluate total Vibrio vulnificus, V. parahaemolyticus, V. coralllilyticus, and V. tubiashi in seawater and oysters collected from Slaughter Beach, Delaware, and to determine relationship between water quality and Vibrio spp. level in seawater, and oysters collected from Slaughter Beach, Delaware. Water samples are collected from two different sites (Cedar Creek and Boat ramp) from June to July 2021 at high and low tides in Slaughter Beach, Delaware. The samples were collected bimonthly. A YSI-556 multiprobe system is used to monitor physical water parameters (Temperature (°C) Salinity (g/L) Conductivity (S/m), pH, Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L), Dissolved Oxygen (%) while chemical water quality parameters are monitored using YSI 9500 Photometer. Turbidity and Total Chlorophyll-a are monitored using a Global Water WQ770 turbidimeter and Turner Design AquaFlor Fluorometer, respectively. Vibrio are monitored by Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salts Sucrose (TCBS) and Luria Broth (LB). The 100 microliters of seawater are inoculated at 26°C and 37°C, and isolated colonies are re-inoculated on LB agar, and stored for later 16Sr RNA Sequencing. Cedar Creek demonstrated high amounts of Vibrio spp. with high levels of salinity and temperature to both tides from June to July compared to the Boat ramp site. The Boat ramp site demonstrated high turbidity at high and low tides from June to July. This project is currently ongoing and further research is being conducted on seawater and oysters collected on Slaughter Beach, Delaware to have better understanding of the areas for potential oyster culture. Keywords: Vibrio, water quality, Eastern oyster, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio coralliilyticus, Vibrio tubiashii Acknowledgements: I acknowledge USDA NIFA Capacity Building Grant Award# 2016-06642 for funding my project as part of the student professional growth and my research, Faculty advisor Dr. Gulnihal Ozbay for providing this opportunity to learn from her.

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Migration: Culture, Politics, and Policy

What’s That on Your Hand?: A Bacterial Scavenger Hunt to Identify Microbes on Common Surfaces

Investigating Environmental Parameters, Total Bacteria and Vibrio spp. in Slaughter Beach, Delaware

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